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This guide takes you from a new Linux server to a verified HTTPS workspace, then covers upgrades, sizing, backup recovery, and the failure modes that most often interrupt a self-hosted deployment.
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What you are building
A public Rocket.Chat installation has four practical layers:
- Linux VPS: the compute, disk, network, firewall, and operating-system layer.
- Docker Compose: the repeatable definition and lifecycle manager for the application containers.
- Rocket.Chat and MongoDB: the chat service and its stateful database.
- HTTPS entry point: Traefik or Nginx, terminating TLS and forwarding requests to Rocket.Chat on its internal service port, normally 3000.
Rocket.Chat describes Docker and Docker Compose as a highly recommended deployment method because it combines a comparatively simple installation with flexible operations. The official Compose repository provides the application definition, environment example, reverse-proxy options, monitoring configuration, and database setup. Start from that repository rather than assembling unrelated containers from blog posts: https://github.com/RocketChat/rocketchat-compose.git.
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Self-hosting does not remove operational responsibility. You still maintain the VPS, storage, MongoDB compatibility, certificates, upgrades, firewall, monitoring, and recoverable backups.
Prerequisites and decisions
Domain and DNS
Choose the final hostname before requesting a certificate, such as chat.example.com. Create an A record pointing that name to the VPS public IPv4 address; use a CNAME only when your DNS design deliberately points the hostname to another name that ultimately resolves to the VPS. Wait for the record to resolve publicly. If the name does not reach the server, Let’s Encrypt validation will fail even when every Docker setting is correct.
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Use a currently supported Linux distribution offered by your VPS provider. Create a named administrator account with sudo access and reserve root for recovery tasks. Apply the distribution’s security updates before exposing the service. The exact package commands vary by distribution, so use its supported Docker installation method rather than copying commands intended for a different release.
Firewall and provider networking
Allow SSH from the addresses that administer the server, and allow public TCP 80 and 443 for certificate validation and web traffic. Keep Rocket.Chat’s application port 3000 private to the Docker network or localhost; it should not be an internet-facing alternative to HTTPS. The official deployment guidance also notes that firewall rules may need to permit Rocket.Chat cloud-service URLs for features such as push notifications and the marketplace. Check your egress policy before diagnosing those features as application bugs.
Reverse proxy choice
| Concern | Traefik | Nginx |
|---|---|---|
| Best fit | Docker-first deployments that want labels and automatic routing | Teams already operating Nginx or requiring its configuration model |
| TLS provisioning | Can obtain and renew Let’s Encrypt certificates automatically | Requires manual Certbot and proxy configuration |
| Rocket.Chat connection | Routes to the Compose service through Docker integration | Proxies the local Rocket.Chat service, normally on port 3000 |
| Operational trade-off | Less certificate plumbing, but another Docker-integrated component to understand | Familiar and explicit for Nginx operators, but more setup and renewal work |
Do not run two independent public TLS paths for the same hostname. Pick one proxy, reserve ports 80 and 443 for it, and keep the other configuration disabled until you intentionally migrate.
Prepare the VPS
- Create the administrator. Add a non-root user with sudo rights, install the provider’s SSH key for that account, and test a second SSH session before changing root access.
- Update the operating system. Install all security and kernel updates, then reboot if the distribution requests it. Reconnect with the administrator account after the reboot.
- Set the server clock. Enable the distribution’s time-synchronization service. Correct timestamps matter for TLS validation, logs, and scheduled backups.
- Configure the firewall. Permit SSH from your administration network and public TCP 80/443. Permit outbound connections required by Docker image pulls, certificate issuance, push services, and the marketplace. Do not publish MongoDB or Rocket.Chat’s internal port.
- Verify DNS. From a separate network, confirm that the chosen hostname resolves to the VPS address. Test both the apex or subdomain you intend to use and any IPv6 record; an incorrect AAAA record can send certificate validation to the wrong host.
Install Docker Compose v2 and Git
Install Docker Engine using the instructions for your Linux distribution, then install the Docker Compose v2 plugin and Git. Confirm the versions before cloning the application:
docker --version
docker compose version
git --versionThe command is docker compose with a space; that is Compose v2. An older standalone docker-compose binary may behave differently and should not be substituted without checking the repository’s current requirements.
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If policy permits non-sudo Docker commands, add the administrator to the Docker group, then log out and back in (or reboot) so the new group membership is applied. Membership grants broad control over the host, effectively approaching root privileges; keep Docker access limited to trusted operators. If your policy does not permit it, run Docker commands with sudo consistently instead of mixing privilege models.
Fetch the official Compose configuration
- Move to a directory reserved for service deployments.
- Clone the maintained repository:
git clone https://github.com/RocketChat/rocketchat-compose.git
cd rocketchat-composeInspect the repository’s README, Compose files, and environment example at the release or branch you intend to run. Release tags and variable names can change, so do not blindly copy a command written for an older Rocket.Chat version.
Copy the supplied environment example to the active file used by the Compose project, commonly:
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Set production variables
Open .env in a root-readable editor and set the values required by the selected Compose release. The important production settings are:
DOMAIN: the hostname only, withouthttps://, for examplechat.example.com.ROOT_URL: the complete public URL, including the scheme, for examplehttps://chat.example.com.- Let’s Encrypt enabled: turn on the repository’s Let’s Encrypt setting, commonly represented by
LETSENCRYPT_ENABLED. - Renewal email: provide a monitored address through the repository’s Let’s Encrypt email variable, commonly
LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL. - HTTPS protocol: select the HTTPS option expected by the Compose configuration, commonly through
HTTPS_PROTOCOL.
Use the exact variable spelling and accepted values shown in the current environment example. A variable that looks plausible but is ignored can leave the service attempting HTTP, using the wrong hostname, or failing to obtain a certificate.
DNS must already point to the VPS before you start the TLS-enabled stack. Let’s Encrypt needs to reach the public hostname during validation; changing the variable after startup does not repair a DNS record that still points elsewhere.
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Start the stack and verify it
- Validate the Compose model. From the repository directory, render or validate the configuration using the Compose command supported by that release. Resolve missing variables before starting containers.
- Start in detached mode. Use the repository’s documented Compose profile and command, typically:
docker compose up -d- Check service state. Run:
docker compose psAll required services should report a running or healthy state. A container that repeatedly restarts is not ready for production, even if the proxy container is up.
- Read logs by service. Use:
docker compose logs --follow <service-name>Replace <service-name> with the exact service listed by docker compose ps. Review the Rocket.Chat application, MongoDB, and proxy logs separately; mixing every service into one stream can hide the first error.
- Test the hostname. Open the HTTPS URL in a private browser window. Confirm the certificate name matches the hostname, the connection stays on HTTPS, and the initial setup page loads.
- Create the first administrator. Complete Rocket.Chat’s setup wizard, use a unique password, and configure the workspace settings required by your organization.
- Test real functions. Create a test channel, send a message, upload a small file, sign out and back in, and test notifications from a separate client. These checks distinguish a healthy web page from a fully usable deployment.
Keep MongoDB and storage healthy
MongoDB is stateful: losing its data volume loses workspace history, users, settings, and uploaded metadata. Treat the database volume as a protected asset, not disposable container state. Keep Docker volumes on persistent SSD storage and monitor free space, inode usage, and I/O latency.
Rocket.Chat’s requirements are release-aware. For Rocket.Chat 8.x, the stated database requirement is MongoDB 8.0 or later. Compatibility must be checked against the exact Rocket.Chat release you select; do not assume that a database version suitable for one major release is valid for another. Official Docker images and Helm charts bundle Node.js, while a manual installation must use the Node.js engine required by that release. With Compose, the image’s bundled runtime reduces one maintenance task, but MongoDB still needs its own upgrade and backup plan.
Monitor memory as well as CPU. MongoDB uses memory for caching, and a VPS that appears adequate during a small pilot can begin swapping as message history, search activity, file uploads, and concurrent users grow. Set alerts before the disk is full or the kernel starts terminating containers.
Choose VPS capacity by workload
There is no responsible universal VPS size for Rocket.Chat. Requirements vary with organization size, usage patterns, message volume, file storage, integrations, retention, and deployment method. Use the following decision points when comparing plans:
| Resource | What to evaluate | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | Dedicated or burstable cores and sustained headroom | Application workers, database operations, indexing, and concurrent requests compete for CPU |
| Memory | RAM available after the operating system and Docker overhead | MongoDB caching and Rocket.Chat concurrency suffer when the host swaps |
| Storage | SSD capacity, IOPS, durability, and room for backups or staging | Database growth, file uploads, logs, and temporary image layers all consume space |
| Network | Transfer allowance, sustained throughput, and latency to users | File uploads, federation or integrations, image pulls, and remote backups use bandwidth |
| Recovery | Snapshots, separate backup storage, restore access, and retention controls | A snapshot alone is not a tested application backup and may share the VPS failure domain |
| Location | Region close to most users and to backup storage | Reduces interactive latency and can simplify recovery transfer times |
| Database support | Ability to run the MongoDB version required by the Rocket.Chat release | A cheap plan is unsuitable if its image, kernel, or storage cannot support the required database |
Start with measured headroom rather than the smallest advertised plan. Recheck the current release requirements immediately before purchase and again before a major upgrade.
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Operate upgrades safely
Pin a supported release
Do not track an unreviewed floating image tag in production. Pin a supported Rocket.Chat release and record the Compose repository revision, image tags, environment file, and MongoDB version. This gives you a known rollback point and makes a later incident diagnosable.
Use a maintenance sequence
- Read the release notes and verify compatibility, especially MongoDB requirements and any migration steps.
- Confirm that the latest database dump has completed and is stored off the VPS.
- Check free disk space and capture the current container, image, and volume state.
- Update the repository or image tags in a staging or maintenance window, preserving your
.env. - Pull the new images, recreate the stack with the repository’s documented command, and watch application and database logs.
- Run the functional checks: sign-in, channel messaging, file upload, search, and notifications.
- Keep the previous image and configuration available until the new release has passed your acceptance checks.
Never combine an application upgrade, an operating-system migration, and a storage move in one untested change. Separate changes make rollback possible.
Back up and restore Rocket.Chat
What to back up
Schedule consistent MongoDB dumps, preserve the Compose environment and deployment revision, and include any persistent file-upload storage used by your configuration. A database dump without uploaded files can restore messages while leaving attachments unavailable. Store copies outside the VPS and, ideally, outside its provider or region.
Schedule and protect dumps
- Run dumps automatically at a frequency that matches your acceptable data-loss window.
- Encrypt backups in transit and at rest, and restrict access to the backup location.
- Retain multiple restore points rather than overwriting one file.
- Monitor job success, output size, storage consumption, and expiry.
- Alert when a scheduled dump is missing or unexpectedly small.
The official Docker documentation includes backup and mongorestore procedures. Follow the procedure for your exact Compose release and database version rather than improvising flags.
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- Provision an isolated test VPS or isolated Docker environment with a compatible MongoDB version.
- Restore the dump into a new database or test deployment; never overwrite production during the first rehearsal.
- Restore the file-upload data associated with the same backup point.
- Start Rocket.Chat with the restored data and verify users, channels, messages, files, permissions, and integrations.
- Record elapsed time, missing prerequisites, and the exact commands that worked.
- Repeat after major Rocket.Chat or MongoDB upgrades.
A backup is only an operational safeguard when the team can locate it, decrypt it, restore it, and reach a usable workspace within the required recovery time.
Troubleshooting common failures
The certificate is not issued
- Confirm the hostname’s A and AAAA records resolve to this VPS.
- Ensure ports 80 and 443 reach the selected proxy and are not occupied by another web server.
- Verify
DOMAINexcludeshttps://whileROOT_URLincludes it. - Check the Let’s Encrypt email, enabled flag, and HTTPS protocol values against the current environment example.
- Read the proxy logs for rate limits, challenge-path errors, or permission problems on certificate storage.
The browser shows a proxy error
- Check that Rocket.Chat is running and listening on the internal service network.
- Inspect the proxy’s upstream name and port in the repository configuration.
- Make sure the firewall is not blocking the proxy-to-container path and that you have not exposed a stale port mapping.
- Review application logs for startup failures, missing variables, or database connection errors.
Rocket.Chat starts, then restarts
- Inspect the first error in the application logs, not only the final restart message.
- Check MongoDB compatibility, credentials, and persistent-volume permissions.
- Check memory and disk pressure on the host; swapping and a full volume commonly appear as application symptoms.
- Compare the active
.envwith the release’s environment example and remove obsolete settings.
Push notifications or marketplace functions fail
Verify outbound firewall and DNS access to the Rocket.Chat cloud-service URLs required by those functions. A workspace can load normally while restricted egress breaks only these integrations.
An upgrade fails after the containers were recreated
Stop further changes, preserve logs, and verify the database volume still exists. Confirm the previous release tag and environment file, then follow the release-specific migration or rollback procedure. Do not delete MongoDB volumes while troubleshooting.
Production readiness checklist
- Supported Linux distribution updated and rebooted where required.
- Named administrator with tested SSH access and a documented privilege policy.
- DNS hostname resolving to the VPS, with no conflicting IPv6 record.
- Docker Engine, Docker Compose v2, and Git installed and version-checked.
- Official Compose repository cloned and release revision recorded.
- Production values stored in
.env, with hostname and URL formats verified. - Only one reverse proxy owns public ports 80 and 443.
- HTTPS certificate issued and renewal path tested.
- Rocket.Chat, MongoDB, messaging, uploads, sign-in, and notifications tested.
- MongoDB version checked against the selected Rocket.Chat release.
- Disk, memory, container health, certificate renewal, and backup jobs monitored.
- Encrypted off-server backups available and a restore rehearsal documented.
- Upgrade and rollback windows assigned to named operators.
When Docker Compose is the right choice
Compose is the best fit when one team wants a straightforward, reproducible deployment on one or a few VPS instances and is comfortable operating containers. It keeps the application, database, proxy, and monitoring configuration visible in one project and makes a rebuild more predictable than a hand-installed stack.
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Consider a different operating model when you need multi-node scheduling, automated horizontal scaling, or an existing platform team that already standardizes on Kubernetes and Helm. That adds infrastructure and observability complexity; it is not automatically simpler for a small installation. Whichever model you choose, the same obligations remain: release compatibility, TLS, MongoDB maintenance, capacity planning, and tested recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I run Rocket.Chat without Docker?
Manual installation is possible, but it requires you to manage the Node.js engine version, MongoDB, process supervision, reverse proxy, and upgrades yourself. Docker Compose is the simpler documented path for a Linux VPS.
Does HTTPS work if the domain is not pointed at the VPS yet?
No. Let’s Encrypt must reach the hostname during validation. Point DNS to the VPS first, then start the TLS-enabled proxy.
Should MongoDB be exposed to the internet?
No. Keep MongoDB on the private Docker network or a restricted private interface and expose only the HTTPS proxy publicly.
Are VPS snapshots a complete Rocket.Chat backup?
Not by themselves. Use scheduled MongoDB dumps, preserve uploaded files and deployment configuration, keep copies off-server, and test a restore.
How much RAM does Rocket.Chat need?
There is no single safe number. Capacity depends on users, activity, files, integrations, retention, and release. Size for MongoDB caching and growth, then monitor and adjust.
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