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The dependable way to self-host phpIPAM is to run its web application on a VPS with a supported PHP runtime, a MySQL-compatible database, and HTTPS. You can install those components directly on the host or package the application in Docker. Native installation exposes the VPS operating system to your web and PHP configuration; Docker gives you cleaner packaging, but you still have to operate a database, persistent volumes, backups, and a separate cron container.
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phpIPAM is an open-source web IP address management application. The current documentation identifies release 1.8.2 and the installation sequence: install prerequisites, check out the code, create config.php, initialize the database schema, complete the browser installer, and put the service behind HTTPS. This guide follows that sequence and adds the security, proxy, backup, and scaling details that determine whether a VPS deployment remains safe and recoverable.
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phpIPAM provides a browser interface and REST API for organizing sections, subnets, folders, VLANs, addresses, and related IPAM objects. The application serves dynamic PHP pages and stores its inventory in MySQL-compatible storage. Discovery features such as ping and SNMP add operating-system networking requirements beyond those of an ordinary web application.
The project’s documentation index lists version 1.8.2 and current installation guidance at phpipam.net/documents/. Treat that version as the application target, but verify the release and configuration notes when you install: PHP packages, database defaults, and container tags change independently of your VPS image.
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Choose native packages or Docker first
Both designs can run phpIPAM reliably. The right choice depends on who will maintain the host and how much isolation you need.
| Decision area | Native Nginx/Apache installation | Docker installation |
|---|---|---|
| Operational complexity | You manage the VPS web server, PHP-FPM or Apache module, PHP extensions, permissions, and upgrades directly. | The application is packaged, but you still manage Docker, a database, persistent storage, networking, secrets, and a cron container. |
| Upgrade method | Pull or check out the new phpIPAM code, review configuration and schema changes, then restart the web service after testing. | Pull a tested image tag, recreate the frontend and cron services, and preserve the database and volumes. |
| Isolation | PHP and the web server run with the host’s users, libraries, and security policy. | Containers isolate application files and dependencies, but the Docker daemon and mounted volumes remain part of the trust boundary. |
| Backup layout | Back up the MySQL database plus config.php and any locally stored application data. |
Back up the database and every persistent volume or bind mount used by the frontend and cron services; an image alone is not a backup. |
| Reverse proxy | Terminate TLS in the VPS’s Nginx or Apache, or place another proxy in front of it. | Terminate TLS in a proxy and forward only to the frontend container; preserve the URL base and filtered forwarded headers. |
| Network discovery privileges | Discovery runs with the host process’s networking privileges, so restrict the service account and outbound access. | Ping and SNMP require NET_ADMIN and NET_RAW capabilities. Kubernetes deployments also need allowPrivilegeEscalation=true for those capabilities. |
| Scaling | Scale the web server and PHP workers as one host-level service. | Multiple frontend replicas can be load-balanced, but only one cron container should run. |
Choose native deployment when you already operate PHP and a web server and want the fewest moving parts. Choose Docker when repeatable images, separate service lifecycles, or an existing container platform are more valuable than host-level simplicity. Rootless Docker is unsupported by the maintained phpIPAM container documentation, so a container deployment must account for the security implications of a rootful Docker engine.
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Prerequisites and version constraints
The legacy installation text mentions Apache2 with PHP or Nginx with PHP-FPM and MySQL 5.1 or newer. That minimum is not an appropriate target for a current deployment. The repository guidance says MySQL 5.7.7 or newer is mandatory for utf8mb4 from phpIPAM 1.6.0 onward; MySQL 8.0 or newer, or MariaDB 10.2.1 or newer, is highly recommended for common-table-expression support. Read the current requirements before choosing a distribution image at github.com/phpipam/phpipam.
| Component | Requirement or recommendation | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Web server | Apache2 with PHP, or Nginx with PHP-FPM | Serves the application and performs the URL rewriting required by the web UI and API. |
| Database | MySQL 5.7.7+ for utf8mb4; MySQL 8.0+ or MariaDB 10.2.1+ recommended |
Provides current character-set behavior and the SQL features used by modern releases. |
| PHP extensions | PDO and PDO MySQL, sessions, sockets, OpenSSL, GMP, LDAP, crypt, SimpleXML, JSON, gettext, filter, mbstring, and PEAR | These modules cover database access, authentication integrations, parsing, encryption, localization, and normal application functions. |
| Scanning support | PHP CLI and pcntl when you use scanning or discovery jobs |
Command-line workers need a CLI runtime and process-control support. |
| Transport security | HTTPS at the web server or at a dedicated reverse proxy | Protects credentials, session cookies, and API traffic in transit. |
Install the distribution packages that provide every extension in the table, then verify the loaded CLI and web PHP configurations separately. A module visible in php -m may still be absent from PHP-FPM if the VPS has more than one PHP version installed.
Native installation on a VPS
1. Prepare the host
Use a supported Linux image, a private administration path such as SSH keys, automatic security updates where appropriate, and a firewall that exposes only SSH from trusted networks plus HTTPS to users. Keep the database bound to localhost or a private network unless another host must connect. Create a dedicated system account or pool for the web service rather than running PHP workers as a login user.
Install Git, the selected web server, PHP with the extensions above, and MySQL or MariaDB. With Nginx, configure PHP-FPM; with Apache, enable the PHP integration and the rewrite functionality required by phpIPAM. Do not continue until a small test confirms that the web server is executing the intended PHP version.
2. Check out the application code
Use the official repository and pin the checkout to the release you have approved, rather than silently tracking an arbitrary development branch:
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git clone https://github.com/phpipam/phpipam.git /var/www/phpipam
cd /var/www/phpipam
# check out the approved release or tag hereSet ownership so the web server can read the application and write only to directories that the installation documentation identifies as writable. Avoid making the whole checkout world-writable; excessive permissions turn a PHP vulnerability into a host-level file modification.
3. Create and protect config.php
Copy config.dist.php to config.php. Fill in the database host, database name, database user, and password, and set the BASE value to the URL path where phpIPAM is actually published. A site at https://ipam.example.net/ needs a different base setting from one mounted at https://example.net/ipam/.
Keep the file outside source-control repositories and restrict its permissions to the service account and administrators. If you later move the application behind a proxy or change its URL path, update the base setting and proxy configuration together; mismatches commonly produce redirect loops or missing JavaScript.
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4. Create the database with least privilege
Create a dedicated database and a dedicated account. Use utf8mb4 as the character set, choose a matching Unicode collation supported by your database version, and grant the account only the privileges needed for phpIPAM’s normal schema and migrations. Do not reuse a global administrator account in config.php.
The account must be able to create and alter the application’s tables during installation and upgrades. If your organization separates schema administration from runtime access, use a short-lived migration credential for upgrades and a restricted runtime credential afterward, provided the application’s upgrade process continues to work.
5. Initialize the schema
There are two supported paths. Import the repository’s db/SCHEMA.sql into the new database, or let the browser installer create the schema. The SQL-file route is predictable for scripted deployments; the browser route is convenient for a first installation. Do not run both against the same empty database.
After initialization, confirm that tables exist and that the application account can read and write them. Record the database server version and collation in your deployment notes; that information is valuable during a restore or upgrade.
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6. Complete the browser installer
Point the web server document root or virtual host at the phpIPAM directory, open the configured URL, and follow the installer prompts. Set the administrator password immediately, review the generated configuration, and test a login in a private browser window. If the installer cannot connect, check the host name, socket-versus-TCP choice, credentials, and PHP PDO MySQL module before changing database permissions.
Once the first setup succeeds, disable installer helpers. For container deployments the documented setting is IPAM_DISABLE_INSTALLER=1; for a native installation, apply the equivalent setting or file-removal instruction in the release documentation. Leaving an installation endpoint available gives an attacker an unnecessary configuration surface.
7. Enable URL rewriting and HTTPS
phpIPAM’s REST API requires URL rewriting, and the web interface also expects consistent rewrite behavior. Test a normal page, a login, a static asset, and an API endpoint before declaring the virtual host complete. Redirect HTTP to HTTPS, enable secure and HTTP-only session cookies through the web-server and application settings available to your release, and renew certificates automatically.
Docker deployment
Understand the two service roles
The maintained container documentation separates the phpipam-www frontend from the phpipam-cron worker. Frontends are stateless only if you externalize the database and preserve every required persistent mount. You may run several frontend replicas behind a load balancer, but run exactly one cron container so scheduled jobs do not execute repeatedly.
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Persistent storage and networking
Attach the frontend and cron services to the same application network as the database, restrict database exposure to that network, and publish only the proxy or frontend port needed by users. Back up the database separately from container volumes. Recreating a container must never be your recovery plan.
Ping and SNMP functions require NET_ADMIN and NET_RAW. Grant those capabilities only to the service that needs discovery, document the reason, and monitor outbound traffic. In Kubernetes, the capabilities also require allowPrivilegeEscalation=true; if your policy forbids that setting, disable those discovery functions or use a deployment model that can satisfy the requirement.
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First-run and upgrades
Start the database, then the frontend and cron services, and complete the web installer at the published URL. Set IPAM_DISABLE_INSTALLER=1 after setup and recreate the frontend so the setting is active. For upgrades, export a database backup, read the target image’s migration notes, stage the new image against a copy of production data, then recreate the services while retaining the same database and persistent mounts.
Reverse-proxy and forwarded-header security
When TLS terminates at a reverse proxy, phpIPAM must know the original scheme, host, port, and URI. The project README says to set $trust_x_forwarded_headers = true in config.php when deployed behind a reverse proxy as of version 1.6.0. Make that change only when the proxy strips or overwrites client-supplied forwarding headers.
Filter or overwrite all of these headers at the trusted proxy: X_FORWARDED_FOR, X_FORWARDED_HOST, X_FORWARDED_PORT, X_FORWARDED_PROTO, X_FORWARDED_SSL, and X_FORWARDED_URI. If arbitrary clients can supply them, they may influence generated links, security decisions, or login behavior. The project’s warning is explicit about this risk in the repository README.
Test both direct and proxied access. A correct setup keeps the browser on one HTTPS URL, generates HTTPS links, preserves the configured base path, records the real client address in a controlled way, and does not allow users to reach the backend around the proxy’s authentication or rate limits.
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The official installation guide recommends a daily mysqldump and an example cleanup that removes backup files older than 10 days; see the installation guide. Treat that as a starting policy, not a complete disaster-recovery design.
- Dump the database daily. Run the dump with a credential that can read the phpIPAM schema, write the file to protected storage, and fail the job if the command or compression step fails.
- Encrypt and copy backups off the VPS. A local backup disappears with the disk or account. Keep at least one encrypted copy in a separate failure domain and restrict its access.
- Back up application state. For native installs, include
config.phpand any persistent uploads or local data used by your release. For Docker, include every named volume or bind mount required by the frontend and cron services, while keeping secrets protected. - Monitor freshness. Alert when a scheduled job fails or when the newest off-site backup exceeds your recovery-point objective. Deleting files after 10 days does not prove that any surviving file is restorable.
- Practice restoration. Periodically restore a dump into a separate test database and start a separate phpIPAM instance against it. Verify login, subnet records, API access, and any discovery jobs before trusting the procedure in an outage.
Document the database version, phpIPAM release, web-server configuration, proxy settings, secret locations, and restore commands. That runbook is as important as the dump itself.
Automation through the REST API
phpIPAM exposes a REST API with authentication, authorization, encrypted-request options, and controllers for sections, subnets, folders, VLANs, and other IPAM objects. URL rewriting is required. Read the endpoint and authentication details at www.phpipam.net/api-documentation/.
Create narrowly scoped API credentials, store them in a secret manager, and restrict the automation host’s network path to the phpIPAM URL. Validate requests against a non-production instance first, especially for bulk subnet or address changes. Log who or what made each change, handle HTTP errors explicitly, and design jobs to be repeatable rather than blindly creating duplicate objects.
Troubleshooting by symptom
Blank page or missing class errors
Check that the PHP runtime used by the web server has every required extension, not merely the CLI modules. Confirm PHP-FPM is running the intended version, restart it after installing modules, and inspect the web-server error log for the first missing class or function.
Database connection or collation failures
Verify the database host and port in config.php, test the application account independently, and confirm that the server meets the current MySQL or MariaDB guidance. A legacy MySQL 5.1 installation may satisfy old prose in an installation page while failing modern utf8mb4 requirements.
Redirect loops or incorrect links behind a proxy
Check the BASE value, TLS termination point, and whether the proxy overwrites every forwarded header. Enable trusted-header handling only after filtering the six headers listed above. Ensure users cannot bypass the proxy and reach the backend with a different scheme or host.
API returns 404
Confirm that rewrite rules are enabled and that the proxy forwards the complete URI, including any subdirectory base. Test a simple browser page and a known API route from the same network path before changing application credentials.
Ping or SNMP discovery does nothing in Docker
Check that the cron or discovery service—not just the frontend—has the required NET_ADMIN and NET_RAW capabilities. In Kubernetes, verify allowPrivilegeEscalation=true is permitted. If your platform cannot grant those privileges, run discovery outside the container or disable that feature rather than granting broader privileges indiscriminately.
Scheduled jobs run twice
Inspect the container or host process list and ensure only one cron worker is active. Frontend replicas are supported; multiple cron containers are not.
Upgrade checklist
- Read the release and compatibility notes at the official documentation and repository.
- Export and verify a fresh database backup and copy configuration files to protected storage.
- Stage the new code or image against a restored copy of production data.
- Check PHP extensions, database version, URL rewriting, proxy headers, and discovery privileges.
- Apply schema migrations using the documented path, then test login, subnet editing, search, API calls, and scheduled jobs.
- Deploy during a maintenance window, monitor logs, and keep the previous code or image available for rollback.
Which VPS design is the practical default?
For a small team that already maintains Linux web servers, a native Nginx or Apache installation is straightforward: one host, one PHP runtime, one database, and a conventional backup job. Docker is the better operational fit when you already have image promotion, secret management, volume snapshots, and a load-balancing platform. In either case, the non-negotiable controls are current database compatibility, HTTPS, filtered proxy headers, disabled installer helpers, least-privilege credentials, and a restore that has actually been tested.
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