The Tool Desk
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What this deployment looks like
Huginn is a Rails application with several cooperating processes: a web process (Puma), background workers, scheduled agents, a relational database, and supporting system services. Without Docker, those pieces run directly on the VPS. The official production layout uses system packages, a system Ruby, a dedicated Unix user, Foreman to export service definitions, runit for supervision, and Nginx as the public web server.
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This approach gives you normal Linux visibility: logs are files, services are supervised by the host, and database backups can use the operating system’s tooling. It also means you are responsible for patching Ruby and native libraries, renewing TLS certificates, checking disk space, and re-exporting services after certain configuration changes.
Choose the VPS size before installing
Huginn’s requirements document describes a dual-core system or VPS as the recommended starting point for a useful number of agents. With SSD storage, 0.5 GB of RAM plus 0.5 GB of swap can work relatively well for a small installation. A machine with 1 GB of RAM and 1 GB of swap is the more practical baseline when you want two Puma workers and a threaded worker. Agent count, polling frequency, browser automation, large event payloads, and additional workers all increase the requirement.
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| Workload or goal | Starting resources | What to watch |
|---|---|---|
| Small personal instance | Two CPU cores; 0.5 GB RAM and 0.5 GB swap with SSD storage | Keep agent schedules modest and monitor memory and swap activity. |
| Regular use with more agents | Two CPU cores; 1 GB RAM and 1 GB swap | This is the level documented for two Puma workers and a threaded worker; leave headroom for the database and the operating system. |
| Heavy polling, browser automation, or many users | More CPU and RAM than the baseline | Increase resources based on resident memory, queue latency, database load, and the number of concurrent workers. |
Use SSD-backed storage. Huginn writes logs, temporary files, database data, and job state, so slow or nearly full disks cause failures even when CPU and memory look adequate. Select a Debian or Ubuntu release covered by the current Huginn production guide; package names, supported Ruby versions, and defaults can change.
Prepare and harden the VPS
Update the operating system
Log in initially with the provider’s administrative account, apply all updates, and reboot if the kernel or other core packages require it. Create a separate administrative user with sudo access, then use that account for routine administration rather than working as root.
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Limit network exposure
- Allow SSH only from the networks or addresses that need it, preferably with keys rather than passwords.
- Expose Nginx for web traffic. Keep PostgreSQL or MySQL/MariaDB bound to localhost or a private network.
- Enable the host firewall and deny unsolicited inbound traffic by default.
- Keep service and database ports off the public internet unless a specific private-network design requires otherwise.
Huginn agents can make outbound HTTP and DNS requests. If people who are not fully trusted can create agents, route their outbound traffic through an egress proxy. That prevents an agent from using the VPS as a path to internal services or metadata endpoints.
Install the build and runtime dependencies
The production guide installs a system Ruby and the native libraries needed to compile Ruby gems and process assets. Install the documented compiler toolchain, development headers, Git, curl, Node.js/npm, Graphviz, jq, shared MIME data, logrotate, and the other packages listed for your Debian or Ubuntu release.
Use the distribution’s system Ruby for this deployment. The guide specifically warns against RVM, rbenv, and chruby in production because alternate Ruby managers can produce hard-to-diagnose path and service-environment problems. Confirm the installed versions as you go:
ruby --version
gem --version
node --version
npm --version
git --version
If a package is unavailable under the name shown in the guide, use the equivalent package for your exact distribution release and verify that the corresponding development headers and runtime libraries are present. Do not mix packages from unrelated releases merely to satisfy a version string.
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Run the application as a non-login service account, not as root and not as your personal administrator. Create a disabled-login user named huginn, install the application under /home/huginn/huginn, and make that account the owner of the application tree.
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sudo adduser --disabled-login --gecos "" huginn
sudo install -d -o huginn -g huginn /home/huginn/huginn
The exact user-creation flags can differ between Debian and Ubuntu releases; the important properties are a dedicated UID, no interactive shell login, and ownership of the application files. The huginn account must be able to write the application’s log/ and tmp/ directories. Keep .env readable only by this account because it contains database credentials, seed credentials, mail settings, and other secrets.
Install and configure the database
The database is a first-class Huginn dependency, not an optional add-on. PostgreSQL is the documented example, while MySQL and MariaDB are also supported. Choose one engine that your team can patch, back up, and restore confidently; do not run two databases for one installation.
PostgreSQL setup
Install PostgreSQL and its client development library, then create a login role and a production database owned by that role. Use a long, unique password and keep PostgreSQL local to the VPS unless you have a private network and a specific reason to separate it.
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sudo -u postgres createuser --pwprompt huginn
sudo -u postgres createdb --owner=huginn huginn_production
The role name and database name above match the documented layout. In Huginn’s .env, set:
DATABASE_ADAPTER=postgresql
DATABASE_NAME=huginn_production
DATABASE_USERNAME=huginn
DATABASE_PASSWORD=your-long-database-password
DATABASE_HOST=localhost
DATABASE_PORT=5432
Use the variable names and any additional database settings from the current example file supplied by Huginn. If you choose MySQL or MariaDB instead, install that server’s development headers and set the adapter, host, port, database, and credentials to match that engine. Confirm that the database user can create tables and run migrations before troubleshooting Rails.
Clone Huginn and create the production configuration
Obtain the source as the service user
Switch to the huginn account and clone the official repository into /home/huginn/huginn using the repository address and branch specified by the current production guide. Keeping the checkout owned by huginn prevents later gem, asset, and log operations from creating root-owned files.
sudo -iu huginn
cd /home/huginn
git clone <the-current-official-Huginn-repository> huginn
cd /home/huginn/huginn
The angle-bracket text above is a description, not a value to paste. Copy the repository address from the current Huginn guide immediately before installation because repository branches and supported releases can change.
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Create and protect .env
Copy the supplied example environment file and edit it for production:
cp .env.example .env
chmod 600 .env
At minimum, configure production Rails mode, the database values, the fully qualified domain name you will publish, and the mail settings required by your agents and user notifications. Set the initial administrator variables before seeding:
RAILS_ENV=production
SEED_USERNAME=your-admin-name
SEED_PASSWORD=your-long-initial-password
Use the exact variable names present in the checked-out .env.example; Huginn’s configuration evolves, and an obsolete name will be ignored. Restrict permissions after every edit and avoid placing the file in shell history or a publicly readable backup.
Install gems and prepare Rails
Install Ruby gems with deployment enabled and development/test groups excluded. Then create the database, run migrations, and seed the first administrator in the production environment:
bundle config set --local deployment true
bundle config set --local without 'development test'
bundle install
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:create
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:seed
If you do not provide a seed password, the seed task may generate a one-time password. Record that value securely and change it after the first login. A failed migration usually indicates a database connection, adapter, permissions, or native-library problem; fix that underlying error before rerunning the task.
Install JavaScript packages and precompile assets
Install the Node dependencies and compile Rails assets while logged in as huginn. The exact npm command follows the repository’s current lockfile and guide; do not substitute a global install that writes into system directories. Asset compilation can consume significant memory on a small VPS, so watch for the OOM killer and temporarily add swap if necessary.
Export and supervise production processes
Huginn’s checked-in Procfile defines the production process layout. The documented export task turns that layout into runit service definitions managed by Foreman. Run the export as the application account using the production environment, then inspect service status and logs before putting the instance on the public internet.
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RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec foreman export runit /etc/service
-a huginn -u huginn -l /home/huginn/huginn/log
The destination and options must match the current Huginn guide and your host’s runit layout. The important result is a separate supervised service for the web process and each worker defined by the Procfile. Verify that the generated services are running and that their log files are writable by huginn.
Re-export after configuration changes
Changing .env, Procfile, or config/puma.rb is an operational event. Export the production init script again before restarting; otherwise runit can continue using stale commands, worker counts, or environment values.
# edit .env, Procfile, or config/puma.rb first
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec foreman export runit /etc/service
-a huginn -u huginn -l /home/huginn/huginn/log
sudo sv restart huginn-web
sudo sv restart huginn-schedule
sudo sv restart huginn-threaded
Service names depend on the processes defined by the checked-in Procfile. List the generated directories and restart the names that actually exist rather than assuming every optional worker is enabled.
Rotate and monitor logs
Install the logrotate configuration supplied with Huginn. Check rotation immediately, then monitor both application logs and free disk space. A full filesystem can stop database writes, prevent asset or temporary-file creation, and make a healthy process appear broken.
Put Nginx in front of Huginn
Nginx is Huginn’s officially supported web server. It terminates client connections, forwards requests to Puma, and gives you a single place to enforce TLS and request limits.
- Install Nginx using your distribution’s package manager.
- Copy the Huginn site configuration supplied by the repository into Nginx’s
sites-availabledirectory. - Replace the example fully qualified domain name with the DNS name that resolves to your VPS.
- Enable the site with a symlink in
sites-enabled. Remove the default site if it would otherwise answer for the same address. - Check the configuration before reloading:
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx
Run nginx -t after every change. A successful syntax test does not prove that DNS, the upstream Puma socket or port, certificates, and firewall rules are correct; test those separately from an external network.
Enable HTTPS for a public instance
Use the HTTPS version of the supplied site configuration, install a certificate and private key from a trusted certificate authority, and review the TLS settings for your Nginx version. Set FORCE_SSL=true in .env, re-export the services, and restart the affected processes before reloading Nginx. Do not enable forced HTTPS until the certificate and hostname work, or you can create a redirect loop or lock yourself out of the setup.
Validate the installation before creating agents
Validation should cover every dependency, not just whether the login page appears.
- Open the configured domain over HTTPS and sign in with the seeded administrator.
- Run Huginn’s self-check when the interface reports a problem.
- Confirm the web service, scheduler, threaded worker, and any additional workers remain up after a restart.
- Check that Rails can connect to the database and that migrations completed without errors.
- Create a harmless test agent and verify that its schedule runs and produces an event.
- Test outbound DNS and HTTP from the VPS, and verify that any required mail delivery works.
- Confirm that logrotate runs and that old logs are removed according to policy.
- Reboot during a maintenance window and verify that runit brings every required process back automatically.
If agents will access sensitive destinations, test the egress-proxy policy before allowing other users to create agents. A proxy that is configured only in a shell session will not necessarily apply to supervised services; place the required values in the service environment and re-export.
Backups, upgrades, and day-to-day operation
Back up the database and secrets
Back up the database on a schedule appropriate to the value of your agents and event history. Store backups away from the VPS, encrypt them, and periodically perform a restore to a separate environment. Back up the production .env file through a secrets-safe process as well; a database dump without the encryption keys, mail credentials, and application settings may not be enough to recover service.
Patch in a controlled order
Keep the OS, Ruby, native libraries, database engine, Node packages, and Huginn checkout patched. Read the current production guide before changing distribution or Ruby versions. Take a database backup, record the current commit and configuration, install dependencies, run migrations, precompile assets, re-export services, and then test login and a representative agent. Never upgrade the database or application for the first time on the only copy of your data.
Watch the signals that indicate growth
- Memory pressure, swap growth, and OOM-killer messages indicate that workers or agent payloads exceed available RAM.
- Long job queues or missed schedules indicate insufficient worker capacity, database contention, or slow outbound services.
- High disk usage usually comes from logs, database growth, or temporary files; fix retention and capacity before the filesystem reaches 100 percent.
- Frequent network timeouts may come from DNS, the egress proxy, remote rate limits, or firewall rules rather than Huginn itself.
Scale CPU and RAM before simply adding workers. Each extra worker consumes memory and can increase database connections; tune the process layout in Procfile and config/puma.rb, then re-export it.
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Both database families are supported by the production documentation. The right choice is usually the one your team can operate reliably rather than the one with a marginally different resource profile.
| Decision factor | PostgreSQL | MySQL/MariaDB |
|---|---|---|
| Documented Huginn example | huginn role and huginn_production database |
Supported with the corresponding adapter and client libraries |
| Operational familiarity | Prefer if your backup, monitoring, and upgrade procedures already use PostgreSQL | Prefer if your team already standardizes on MySQL or MariaDB |
| Configuration work | Set adapter, database, user, password, localhost, and port 5432 | Set the equivalent adapter, credentials, host, and port from the current environment example |
| Primary risk | Incorrect role ownership or libpq development dependencies |
Incorrect adapter or client development dependencies |
Whichever engine you select, test migrations, scheduled writes, backups, and restores before inviting additional users.
Troubleshooting by symptom
The web page is unavailable
- Run
sudo nginx -t; fix syntax errors first. - Check that DNS points to the VPS and that the firewall permits the selected web ports.
- Inspect the generated runit service and Huginn logs to confirm that Puma is running and listening where Nginx expects.
- If HTTPS was just enabled, verify the certificate paths, key permissions, hostname, and system clock.
Database tasks fail during setup
- Confirm the database server is running and reachable on localhost.
- Compare every
.envvalue with the actual role, password, database name, adapter, and port. - Ensure the Huginn database role owns the production database and can create tables.
- Install the correct database development headers, then rerun gem installation before retrying migrations.
Workers stop after reboot
Check that runit is installed and supervising the exported directories, that the service account can read .env and write log/ and tmp/, and that the export used the production environment. If you changed .env, Procfile, or config/puma.rb, export again before restarting.
Agents cannot reach an external service
Test DNS and HTTPS from the VPS, inspect firewall and proxy rules, and check the remote service’s rate limits. If an egress proxy is required, verify that the supervised Huginn processes—not only your interactive shell—receive its configuration.
Quick Recap
Go-live checklist
- Debian or Ubuntu release matches the current Huginn guide.
- Two CPU cores and sufficient RAM, swap, and SSD capacity are available for the planned agents.
- System Ruby is used; unsupported Ruby version managers are not in the service path.
- A disabled-login
huginnaccount owns the checkout, logs, and temporary files. - Database credentials work, the production database is private, and a restore has been tested.
.envis mode 600 and backed up through a secure secrets process.- Production gems, migrations, seed data, npm dependencies, and assets completed successfully.
- Foreman/runit services are exported, enabled, and healthy after reboot.
- Nginx passes
nginx -t, the domain resolves correctly, and HTTPS uses a trusted certificate. FORCE_SSL=trueis enabled only after HTTPS works.- Log rotation, monitoring, patching, database backups, and egress controls are documented.
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