Run Grafana as a separate service, install and enable the official Zabbix app plugin, then point a Grafana data source at your Zabbix API endpoint. Once the connection passes its test, you can build reusable panels that graph Zabbix items, filter dashboards by host or host group, display current problems, and add annotations or alerting.
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This design keeps Zabbix collecting data while Grafana handles visualization. Grafana queries are sent from the Grafana server, so the network path, credentials, TLS, and firewall rules between Grafana and Zabbix matter more than the browser you use to open a dashboard.
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What the self-hosted Grafana and Zabbix design looks like
Zabbix remains the monitoring system: its server receives agent, SNMP, or other checks, stores history and trends, evaluates triggers, and exposes that information through its HTTP API. Grafana is a separate visualization service. The Zabbix app plugin translates panel queries into Zabbix API requests and returns time series, status information, annotations, and problem data to Grafana.
You can place Grafana on the same virtual machine as Zabbix, on another server, or in a container platform. No particular CPU, memory size, operating system, or hardware model is mandated by the integration itself. Size the Grafana host for the number of users, dashboards, refresh intervals, and concurrent queries you expect, then verify the plugin, Grafana, and Zabbix versions together at every upgrade.
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What runs where
- Zabbix server: collects and stores monitoring data and serves the API.
- Grafana server: runs the web application and plugin; it makes the API requests and renders dashboards.
- Browser: connects to Grafana only. It does not need direct access to the Zabbix database, and normally does not need direct access to the Zabbix API.
- Optional database path: the plugin can use a Direct DB Connection for some historical queries, but that is a separate configuration with its own connector and database permissions.
Prerequisites and compatibility checks
Before installing anything, confirm the following conditions.
- A running Zabbix server has API access enabled and is reachable from the Grafana server.
- The Grafana installation is self-managed and is running Grafana 11.6.0 or later, which is the minimum listed by the current Zabbix plugin documentation.
- The Grafana account you will use can install plugins and configure data sources.
- A Zabbix user can read every host group, host, and item that the dashboards must query. Use a dedicated read-only account rather than an administrator account.
- DNS, routing, firewall rules, and TLS certificates allow Grafana to reach the Zabbix API endpoint.
- You have decided whether Grafana will authenticate with a Zabbix username and password or an API token.
Compatibility is release-sensitive. Check the current plugin requirements before a Grafana or Zabbix upgrade rather than assuming that a previously working combination will remain supported. API-token support is available in Zabbix 5.4 and later. With Zabbix 7.0 and later, the plugin sends the token in the Authorization HTTP header; a reverse proxy can require a documented exception to that behavior.
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Installation and activation are two separate actions. The data source does not appear merely because plugin files are present.
Install from the Grafana interface
- Sign in to your self-managed Grafana instance with an account allowed to manage plugins.
- Open Administration → Plugins and data → Plugins.
- Search for Zabbix and open the official Zabbix app plugin, identified by the plugin ID
alexanderzobnin-zabbix-app. - Select Install, wait for the installation to finish, and then select Enable.
- Reload the Grafana page if the connection catalog was already open. The Zabbix data source should now be available.
Install from the command line
On a self-managed Grafana host, the repository documents this CLI command:
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grafana cli plugins install alexanderzobnin-zabbix-appRestart Grafana if your package or deployment method requires a restart after plugin installation, then enable the plugin in the Grafana administration interface. If the plugin is installed but absent from the data-source list, check that it is enabled and inspect Grafana’s server log for plugin-loading errors.
Add and test the Zabbix API data source
The endpoint must be the complete Zabbix API URL, including the api_jsonrpc.php path. A base site URL such as https://zabbix.example.com is not sufficient.
- Open Connections → Add new connection.
- Search for Zabbix and choose the Zabbix data source.
- Enter a descriptive data-source name, such as
Zabbix production. A clear name helps when a dashboard later contains more than one Zabbix environment. - Enter the full API URL, for example
https://zabbix.example.com/api_jsonrpc.php. Use the scheme, host, any required port, the correct path, and a certificate that Grafana can validate. - Select username/password authentication or API-token authentication.
- Enter the read-permissioned Zabbix credentials. Store secrets in Grafana’s protected data-source fields and limit who can edit the data source.
- Select Save & test.
A successful test reports the detected Zabbix API version. That message confirms that Grafana reached the endpoint, authenticated, and received a usable API response; it does not prove that the account can see every host you intend to graph.
Password authentication versus an API token
| Choice | Use it when | Operational considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Username and password | You need compatibility with an existing Zabbix account or an older Zabbix release. | Rotate the password, protect it as a secret, and review the account’s permissions. Password changes can interrupt every dashboard using the data source. |
| API token | Your Zabbix version supports tokens (5.4 or later) and you want a credential that can be revoked independently. | Give the token only the required read access. For Zabbix 7.0 and later, account for the plugin’s Authorization header behavior and any reverse-proxy rule that changes how that header is handled. |
Build your first server graph
After the data source test succeeds, create a panel and let the plugin’s selectors describe the metric instead of writing an API request by hand.
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- Open an existing dashboard or select Dashboards → New → New dashboard.
- Choose Add visualization (or add a panel from the dashboard editor).
- Select the Zabbix data source you just created.
- In the Zabbix query editor, choose a Host group, then a Host, and finally the relevant Item. The available choices are limited by the Zabbix permissions of the data-source account.
- Set the panel’s time range and display unit. For CPU utilization, use a percentage unit; for memory or disk values, select the appropriate bytes unit; for rates, choose a rate or throughput unit that matches the item.
- Give the panel a specific title such as
Web-01 CPU utilization, review the legend and null-value behavior, and select Apply. - Save the dashboard and assign a meaningful dashboard name and folder.
Start with a small time range while validating an item. A panel that is empty over the last hour may still be correct if the item is disabled, has no recent values, or only stores data at a longer interval. Check the item’s history and update interval in Zabbix before changing Grafana transformations.
Useful first panels
- CPU utilization and load average, using separate panels when their units differ.
- Available memory and swap activity.
- Filesystem free space, with the filesystem name visible in the legend.
- Network receive and transmit rates.
- Uptime, process counts, or application-specific health items.
- A problems panel showing active Zabbix problems alongside the time-series graphs.
Use one panel per question. Combining unrelated units on a single axis makes a graph harder to interpret and can hide a real incident behind a much larger value.
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A dashboard tied to one host is useful for a quick check but expensive to maintain across a fleet. Template variables let a viewer select a host group or host at the top of the dashboard and reuse the same panels for each selection.
- Open the dashboard’s settings and choose Variables.
- Add a query variable backed by the Zabbix data source.
- Configure the variable to return host groups, hosts, or another supported Zabbix dimension. Use a clear name such as
hostorgroup. - Enable a multi-value or an “All” option only if the resulting query volume is acceptable.
- Edit each panel and replace its fixed host or group selection with the variable.
- Save the dashboard, select several hosts, and verify that legends, units, and missing data remain understandable.
Variables increase query fan-out. Selecting “All” across hundreds of hosts can create a very large response and a slow dashboard, so provide sensible defaults and document the intended scope in the dashboard description.
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Add problems, annotations, and alerting
The plugin is not limited to metric lines. It supports a Problems panel, annotations, alerting, and template variables.
Problems panel
Add a Problems panel when operators need the current Zabbix trigger state beside the historical graphs. Filter it to the same host group or variable used by the metric panels so an operator can move from a visible spike to the corresponding active problem without changing context.
Annotations
Annotations place events on a time-series timeline. Use them for deployments, maintenance windows, failovers, or other events that explain a change in a graph. Keep the event source and time zone consistent with the dashboard so an annotation does not appear to precede the metric change merely because of a clock mismatch.
Alerting
Decide whether Zabbix or Grafana is the system of record for each alert. Duplicating the same threshold in both systems can produce two notifications for one condition. If Grafana alerting is needed for a visualization-specific rule, document its ownership, contact point, evaluation interval, and link back to the underlying Zabbix item or trigger.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.API queries or Direct DB Connection?
The normal integration uses the Zabbix API. The plugin also offers an optional Direct DB Connection for historical data. A direct database path can improve some wide-range historical queries, but it is not a drop-in performance switch.
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|---|---|---|
| Zabbix API | Uses the supported application interface; avoids giving Grafana database credentials; simpler network and permission model. | Large or wide-range queries may require more API work and can be constrained by API response size or query duration. |
| Direct DB Connection | Can make some broad historical reads more efficient by querying stored history directly. | Requires a database connector, network access, database credentials, and carefully limited permissions. Schema and compatibility changes must be considered during Zabbix upgrades. |
Use the API first. Consider direct database access only after identifying a specific historical-query problem, confirming that the plugin’s supported database path fits your Zabbix version, and creating a database account that can read only the required tables. Never reuse the Zabbix database administrator credential in Grafana.
Network, TLS, and container deployment details
All plugin queries run from the Grafana server. Permit outbound connections from Grafana to the Zabbix API host and port, and permit return traffic. A browser-side test is not enough: a URL that opens on your workstation may still be unreachable from the Grafana machine.
When Grafana runs in a container
Inside a container, localhost means that container, not the Zabbix server and not the Docker host. Use a service name on the same container network, a reachable host address, or an internal DNS name. Verify the route from inside the Grafana container and make sure the Zabbix certificate’s name matches the hostname used by Grafana.
TLS and reverse proxies
- Use HTTPS for the API whenever credentials cross a network.
- Install the correct CA chain on the Grafana host if Zabbix uses an internal certificate authority.
- Confirm that a reverse proxy forwards the API path
/api_jsonrpc.php, request body, response, and authentication headers. - For Zabbix 7.0 and later, check that the proxy does not remove or rewrite the plugin’s
Authorizationheader unless you have implemented the documented exception.
Troubleshoot a failed connection or empty panel
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| The Zabbix data source is missing | The plugin is installed but disabled, or Grafana has not reloaded its plugin catalog. | Open Administration → Plugins and data → Plugins, enable the Zabbix app, and reload or restart Grafana as required. |
| Save & test reports a 404 or HTML page | The URL stops at the Zabbix web root or uses the wrong proxy path. | Include the complete /api_jsonrpc.php suffix and verify proxy routing. |
| Connection times out | Grafana cannot route to the Zabbix host or port. | Test DNS and TCP reachability from the Grafana host or container; review firewalls, security groups, and proxy settings. |
| TLS or certificate error | The certificate is expired, the hostname does not match, or Grafana lacks the issuing CA. | Correct the certificate chain and hostname rather than disabling verification in production. |
| Authentication succeeds but no hosts appear | The Zabbix user lacks read permission to the required host groups or hosts. | Grant the minimum read access needed and retest the selector. |
| The panel is empty | Wrong host/item, no recent history, an incompatible time range, or a variable selecting no value. | Choose one known-good item, shorten the time range, inspect its Zabbix history, and test the variable separately. |
| Queries work in a browser but not in Grafana | The browser has a different network path or credentials. | Remember that the request originates at the Grafana server; test from that network location. |
| Dashboards become slow after adding “All” | A variable expands one panel into hundreds of host queries. | Restrict the default selection, narrow the time range, reduce refresh frequency, or split the dashboard by service or host group. |
Secure and operate the installation
- Create a dedicated Zabbix account or token with read-only access to the exact host groups required by Grafana.
- Protect Grafana’s administrator account and restrict who can edit data sources, dashboards, and alert rules.
- Keep credentials out of dashboard JSON, screenshots, shell history, and container image layers.
- Back up Grafana’s configuration, dashboards, folders, data-source definitions, and alerting configuration according to your recovery requirements.
- Monitor disk usage and database growth on both Grafana and Zabbix; visualization does not replace Zabbix history and trend retention planning.
- Test dashboard loading after every plugin, Grafana, Zabbix, reverse-proxy, or certificate change.
- Record the plugin version, Grafana version, Zabbix version, API endpoint, and authentication method so a future operator can reproduce the setup.
Self-hosted Grafana versus a managed service
Self-hosting gives you control over placement, network boundaries, upgrade timing, and data location. It also makes you responsible for operating the Grafana host, applying updates, securing the web interface, backing up dashboards, monitoring availability, and recovering from failures.
| Responsibility | Self-hosted Grafana | Managed Grafana service |
|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure | You provide the host, operating system or container platform, storage, and network path to Zabbix. | The provider operates the Grafana service; you still must establish a secure path to Zabbix. |
| Upgrades | You schedule and validate Grafana and plugin upgrades against Zabbix. | The provider controls much of the service lifecycle, subject to its release policy. |
| Backups and recovery | You back up dashboards, configuration, and any local Grafana database and test restoration. | Backup scope and recovery commitments depend on the service agreement; export critical dashboards independently. |
| Network exposure | You choose private routing, reverse proxies, firewall rules, and authentication controls. | You must expose or relay Zabbix data to the managed service without weakening its security boundary. |
| Cost model | Software licensing is not the only cost: include compute, storage, administration, monitoring, and maintenance. | Costs are service fees plus any connectivity or Zabbix-side infrastructure you retain. |
Choose self-hosting when your team can own patching, backups, and network security and needs the service inside its infrastructure boundary. A managed option is more attractive when minimizing operational work matters more than local control. In either model, the Zabbix API permissions and network path remain fundamental.
Quick Recap
A repeatable rollout checklist
- Confirm the supported Grafana and plugin versions and record the Zabbix version.
- Place Grafana where it can reach the Zabbix API over a protected route.
- Install and enable
alexanderzobnin-zabbix-app. - Create a least-privilege Zabbix account or token.
- Add the data source with the full
api_jsonrpc.phpURL. - Use Save & test and verify the reported API version.
- Create one known-good metric panel before building a large dashboard.
- Add host or host-group variables, then test a single selection and an intentionally limited multi-selection.
- Add a Problems panel, annotations, or Grafana alerting only when their ownership and purpose are clear.
- Back up the finished dashboards and document credentials, network dependencies, and upgrade checks.
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