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For a site and account you are authorized to use, submit the login form with Playwright, wait for a reliable signed-in signal, then capture the page with page.screenshot(). Save the authenticated browser context’s storage state if later runs should reuse the session. Treat that file as a secret: it can contain credentials that let someone impersonate the account.
Install Playwright and its browser
Install the Python package in your project environment, then install the browser binary Playwright will launch:
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python -m pip install playwright
python -m playwright install chromiumThis example uses Playwright’s synchronous Python API throughout. Do not mix synchronous and asynchronous Playwright calls in the same flow. The selectors and example URLs below are illustrative; replace them with the target site’s actual labels, button name, login URL, protected URL, and signed-in indicator.
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Log in, verify the session, and capture a full page
The script below logs in only when no saved state file exists, waits for a site-specific signal that indicates authentication succeeded, saves the context state, then opens the protected page and captures its full scrollable height.
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from pathlib import Path
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
AUTH_FILE = Path("playwright/.auth/state.json")
LOGIN_URL = "https://example.com/login"
ACCOUNT_URL = "https://example.com/account"
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
context = browser.new_context(
storage_state=str(AUTH_FILE) if AUTH_FILE.exists() else None
)
page = context.new_page()
page.goto(LOGIN_URL)
if not AUTH_FILE.exists():
page.get_by_label("Username or email").fill("YOUR_USERNAME")
page.get_by_label("Password").fill("YOUR_PASSWORD")
page.get_by_role("button", name="Sign in").click()
# Replace with a stable signal that appears only after successful login.
page.get_by_text("Account", exact=True).wait_for()
AUTH_FILE.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
context.storage_state(path=str(AUTH_FILE))
page.goto(ACCOUNT_URL)
page.screenshot(path="account.png", full_page=True)
context.close()
browser.close()Playwright recommends user-facing locators such as labels and roles for interacting with forms. These locators wait and retry as elements become actionable, but a successful click alone does not prove authentication worked; the post-login signal must be meaningful for the specific site. See the Playwright locator guide and authentication guide.
Save and reuse an authenticated session safely
context.storage_state() saves state from the browser context, while passing that saved state to browser.new_context(storage_state=...) creates a later context with it. This avoids repeating the login steps until the site’s session expires or is revoked. It is not a guarantee that the session will remain valid indefinitely. Playwright documents browser-context state and its use for authentication in the authentication guide and Browser API.
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- Protect the file. It may contain sensitive cookies and headers capable of impersonating the account. Do not commit it, paste it into logs, or share it as a normal artifact. Keep the auth directory out of version control and restrict access to the file.
- Use a test account where possible. Avoid storing a real user’s session in a shared development or CI environment.
- Check what the app stores. Playwright’s documented storage state covers cookies and local storage, and can include IndexedDB when requested. Some applications instead rely on session storage, passkeys, or other site-specific authentication state; do not assume one saved file covers every authentication design.
- For IndexedDB-backed tokens, check the installed version. The BrowserContext API documents the IndexedDB inclusion option and its availability. Consult the BrowserContext API reference before relying on it.
For sites that use multi-factor authentication, CAPTCHA, federated identity, or another special login step, this generic form-submission example does not define the correct flow. Use the site’s permitted authentication route; do not treat cookies or API calls as a way to bypass its access controls.
Choose the screenshot scope
| What to capture | Playwright call | What it captures |
|---|---|---|
| Current viewport | page.screenshot(path="page.png") |
The visible browser page area. |
| Full scrollable page | page.screenshot(path="page.png", full_page=True) |
A full-page image extending beyond the viewport. |
| One element | page.locator(".receipt").screenshot(path="receipt.png") |
The selected element; for a scrollable container, only its visible portion is captured. |
Locator screenshots can also mask matching regions or disable animation for more controlled captures. Choose masking selectors carefully: masking covers the matched bounding boxes. Screenshot methods can return image bytes rather than write a file if the next step should consume the capture directly. See Playwright’s screenshot guide and Locator API. WebP support is version-sensitive; the Playwright release notes mention it in version 1.62, so check the version installed in your environment before depending on that format: release notes.
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Or skip the browser setup
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import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)- Cookie and consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets are removed before the capture; each cleanup step can be turned off.
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Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot login and capture failures
The screenshot still shows the login page
- Wait for a real, stable signed-in indicator after submitting the form; do not treat the submit click itself as proof of success.
- Confirm the state file was saved after authentication succeeded and is loaded into the new context before opening the protected page.
- Check whether the app uses session storage, IndexedDB, passkeys, or another special mechanism instead of assuming cookies and local storage are enough.
- Confirm the saved session is for the same site and has not expired or been revoked. Saved state does not make a session permanent.
A locator cannot find the login control
Check the accessible name and label shown by the actual page. Replace the illustrative get_by_label() and get_by_role() values with the form’s real labels and button name, and use the locator guide to choose a user-facing locator.
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The generic username-and-password script does not cover those flows. Follow the site’s allowed authentication process rather than trying to bypass its controls. The correct approach depends on that site’s supported login route.
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The saved state does not preserve the app’s authentication
Inspect the app’s authentication design and the state it requires. If it stores tokens in IndexedDB, consult the installed Playwright version’s BrowserContext API for the save option. Playwright also documents API-based authentication state for legitimate flows supported by the site in its API testing guide and APIRequestContext reference.
The full-page image is too tall or a region is missing
Use a viewport screenshot when the visible screen is the intended artifact, or a locator screenshot when only one component is needed. A locator capture of a scrollable container includes only its visible portion. If the page loads content as it scrolls, verify the content has appeared before capturing; the screenshot call captures the rendered state available at that point.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I save a screenshot as bytes instead of a file?
Yes. Playwright screenshot methods can return image bytes when called without a path, which can be passed directly to another step.
Can the same storage-state file be reused for every website?
No. It represents authentication state for the relevant site and account; it does not imply a valid session for unrelated sites.
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