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How to Schedule MP4 Files in AWS Elemental MediaLive for YouTube

MediaLive needs a schedule action for each MP4 transition. Learn when to use static or dynamic inputs, how fixed and follow timing work, and how to connect YouTube Live.
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To schedule prerecorded MP4 files as a YouTube live stream with AWS Elemental MediaLive, attach each file as an input—or configure one dynamic MP4 input for files in Amazon S3 or AWS Elemental MediaStore—then create a MediaLive channel schedule with an input-switch action for each clip. Attaching multiple inputs alone will not make MediaLive play them in sequence: AWS states, “There is no implicit switching.”

The schedule belongs to the channel and controls which attached input is active and when it changes. You also configure the channel’s output for YouTube using the stream URL and stream key from YouTube’s Live Control Room. The exact output-group fields depend on your channel configuration, so use the current values shown in your AWS and YouTube accounts rather than copying a guessed endpoint.

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Choose how to represent your MP4 files

Pick the input model before building the schedule. MediaLive switches among inputs already attached to the channel; the schedule is not a file-list uploader.

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One static input per file

For a small, stable set of clips, create an MP4 input for each file and attach each input to the channel. Each schedule action can then select the attachment for the next file. This is straightforward to inspect, but adding or changing files means managing additional inputs and schedule actions.

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One dynamic input for changing S3 or MediaStore files

For a larger or changing set of files, configure a dynamic MP4 input and reuse its channel attachment. Its URL contains the variable $urlPath$; a documented S3-style template is s3ssl://$urlPath$. Each schedule switch supplies the relevant bucket/object path, such as amzn-s3-demo-bucket/my-movie.mp4. Dynamic file inputs are documented for MP4 or TS objects in S3 or MediaStore; do not assume an arbitrary public URL can be used this way.

When configuring an MP4 input, AWS distinguishes standard-class inputs with two source URLs from single-class inputs with one. Choose the class and source arrangement for your resilience design; it does not change how schedule timing works.

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Plan the order and transition timing

Write down the sequence before creating actions. For each clip, record the schedule action name, the attached input to select, the object path if you use a dynamic input, and the desired start rule. The schedule is part of the channel, and AWS recommends using it as the single place that controls the initial ingest order.

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Start rule Use it when Important behavior
Fixed The next clip must begin at a specified UTC wall-clock time. AWS documents a creation horizon of at least 15 seconds and no more than 14 days ahead. Confirm the current API or console behavior for your deployment.
Follow The next clip should begin after a referenced file action ends. The referenced action must be an input switch, and the preceding input’s source-end behavior must be set to Continue.
Immediate A switch should take effect now. On standard two-pipeline channels, MediaLive synchronizes the switch using an internal 10-second offset.

Follow is not automatic playlist advancement: every next file still needs its own schedule action referencing the previous action. A multiple-input channel does not implicitly switch or return to a default “main” input. Where required, an input-switch action can also specify a clip range using start and stop timecodes.

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Configure the channel and schedule

  1. Create or select the inputs. In the MediaLive console, configure an MP4 input for every static file, or configure a dynamic MP4 input with the URL template and storage access needed for your S3 or MediaStore objects.
  2. Create the channel and attach inputs. Attach every static input that will be selected, or attach the single dynamic input you intend to reuse. Check that the attachment names are clear; schedule actions select an attachment.
  3. Configure the channel output. Add the output configuration for YouTube using the destination values from YouTube Live Control Room. The exact MediaLive output-group settings depend on the channel and account, so follow the current MediaLive configuration and the values supplied by YouTube rather than assuming a universal endpoint.
  4. Create the first schedule action. Make the first switch immediate and create it before starting the channel. Select the attached input for the opening clip. For a dynamic input, also supply that clip’s bucket/object path.
  5. Add one action for each transition. Select the next attachment or reuse the dynamic attachment with a different object path. Set the start rule to fixed for a UTC clock time, or follow and reference the preceding file action when the next clip should begin at its end.
  6. Start the channel and verify the output. Confirm that the expected input is active and that YouTube receives the feed. MediaLive allows actions to be added while a channel is running, so you can extend or revise future entries without stopping it.

Connect MediaLive to YouTube Live

In YouTube Studio’s Live Control Room, create or choose the live stream and copy its stream URL and stream key into the encoder/output configuration in MediaLive. Use the RTMPS URL if YouTube provides it and your chosen configuration supports it. YouTube uses the key to accept the encoder feed; treat it as a secret.

  • Do not publish the key in screenshots, examples, logs, or shared configuration.
  • Use the URL and key displayed for the particular YouTube stream you selected, not an endpoint copied from an unrelated setup.
  • After starting the channel, check that the preview appears in Live Control Room and inspect stream health before relying on the broadcast.

Choose YouTube encoding settings and test the playlist

MP4 describes the source container, not a universal live output profile. Choose protocol, codec, resolution, frame rate, keyframe interval, and bitrate for the actual MediaLive channel and YouTube ingestion protocol. YouTube’s current encoder recommendations vary by resolution, frame rate, and codec; consult its current encoder-settings table rather than treating any one bitrate as suitable for every stream.

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Test with representative picture motion and audio before the scheduled broadcast. Verify that the opening clip appears, that each transition selects the intended file, and that the YouTube preview and health indicators remain acceptable. If you use fixed actions, verify the UTC time assumptions. If you use follow actions, verify that each reference points to the correct earlier action and that the preceding input’s source-end behavior is Continue.

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Troubleshoot common schedule problems

  • The channel stays on the first file. Multiple attached inputs do not rotate automatically. Add an input-switch action for every transition and confirm that each action selects the intended attachment.
  • A follow action does not start as expected. Check that it references a preceding input-switch action and that the previous input’s source-end behavior is Continue. Confirm the previous action’s clip range if you set timecodes.
  • A dynamic file does not load. Check that the input URL contains $urlPath$, that the action supplies the intended bucket/object path, and that the file is an MP4 or TS in S3 or MediaStore. Dynamic file input support should not be assumed for other locations.
  • A fixed action cannot be scheduled for the requested time. Check the UTC time and the documented 15-second minimum and 14-day maximum creation horizon; verify current service limits in the console or API.
  • YouTube does not show a preview. Recheck the stream URL and key against the selected Live Control Room stream, then review MediaLive output status and YouTube stream health. Keep the key private while troubleshooting.
  • The picture or audio is unhealthy. Test representative material and compare the selected protocol, codec, frame rate, resolution, keyframe interval, and bitrate with YouTube’s current recommendations and your channel’s capabilities.

Costs and operational trade-offs

MediaLive is an AWS cloud workflow involving MediaLive and, for stored files, S3 or MediaStore. The setup has more moving parts than a basic playlist: inputs, channel attachments, schedule actions, storage paths, output configuration, and YouTube credentials all need to agree. Estimate costs using the applicable AWS pricing and storage terms for your region and configuration; no specific AWS total is established here.

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If files change frequently, the dynamic-input model reduces the number of distinct input attachments, but it does not remove the need to create an action for each scheduled transition. Fixed timing is appropriate for a clock-based lineup; follow timing is appropriate when a later file should begin at the end of the prior file action.

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