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How to Scan a Running Process with Microsoft Defender

Defender does not document an on-demand scan by process ID or memory. To check a running program’s executable, scan its file path with a custom scan.
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Microsoft Defender’s documented on-demand scans can check your computer or a file or folder on disk, but they do not provide a documented option to scan a running process by PID or inspect its memory. To check a process’s executable file, run a custom scan against its file path; to scan more broadly, choose a quick or full scan.

Can Microsoft Defender scan a running process by PID?

Not through the documented on-demand scan interfaces described here. Microsoft’s Start-MpScan documentation accepts a computer or a file or folder path, while its MpCmdRun command-line documentation describes a custom scan by file or folder path. Neither documents a PID or process-memory target.

That distinction matters: scanning an executable file on disk checks that file; it is not an inspection of the code or data currently held in a process’s memory. Microsoft describes Start-MpScan as starting “a scan on a computer.”

Scan the executable file with PowerShell

If you know the path to the program’s executable, use a custom scan with Start-MpScan. Open PowerShell and run:

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Start-MpScan -ScanPath 'C:PathToprogram.exe' -ScanType CustomScan

Replace the example path with the actual executable path. The -ScanPath parameter accepts a file or folder path, and CustomScan is the path-targeted scan type. Microsoft also documents -AsJob for running a long scan as a background job; it does not change what the scan targets.

Choose a scan scope

Scan type Scope When to choose it
Quick scan Computer scan For a quick check of the computer.
Full scan Computer scan When you want a broader computer scan.
Custom scan A specified file or folder path To check the executable file on disk or another specific path.

Microsoft documents these scan types in its guide to running and customizing on-demand scans. A custom scan of a program’s file should not be treated as a live-process or memory scan.

Run a custom scan with MpCmdRun

As an alternative to PowerShell, Microsoft’s command-line tool, MpCmdRun.exe, supports a custom scan using -File and a file or folder path. Microsoft specifies that you run the tool from an elevated Command Prompt.

  1. Open Command Prompt as an administrator.
  2. Locate MpCmdRun.exe in the Windows Defender folder or the versioned Defender platform folder. The platform folder can change as Defender updates; Microsoft recommends using the latest available platform version.
  3. Run the tool with -File followed by the executable’s path, using the syntax documented by Microsoft: MpCmdRun.exe -Scan -ScanType 3 -File <PathAndFilename or Path>.

For the exact current locations and command syntax, see Microsoft’s MpCmdRun command-line reference. This is also a path-based scan, not a PID or process-memory scan.

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Check Defender’s status if scanning is unavailable

To check Defender status and protection settings from PowerShell, run:

Get-MpComputerStatus

Microsoft documents this status-checking approach in its PowerShell cmdlets guide. The command reports status; it does not start a scan or change a file scan into live-process inspection.

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