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Save a figure as PNG or PDF
Once your script has created a figure, save it with the extension for the format you want:
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot([1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 4])
ax.set_title("Example")
fig.savefig("plot.png", dpi=200, bbox_inches="tight")
fig.savefig("plot.pdf", bbox_inches="tight")This uses Matplotlib’s documented Figure.savefig API; the example is not a claim that the code was run on a Termux device. When you omit format, Matplotlib infers the format from the filename extension. If you omit both the extension and format, the documented default is PNG. See Matplotlib’s savefig documentation.
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If you pass an explicit format, Matplotlib uses that format and does not reconcile it with the filename. For example, fig.savefig("plot.png", format="pdf") writes PDF content to a file named plot.png. Keep the format and suffix aligned: use plot.pdf for PDF or plot.png for PNG.
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Choose PNG or PDF for the job
| Format | Useful when | Resolution and output |
|---|---|---|
| PNG | You need a raster image, such as a screen graphic, or a downstream system asks for PNG. | Pixel dimensions depend on the figure dimensions and the selected DPI. |
| You want a document-oriented figure, intend to print or resize it, or need several figures in one file. | Matplotlib’s PDF backend supports multi-page output. Check the result in the viewer or workflow where it will be used; font rendering can vary. |
Neither format is universally best: choose according to the destination’s requirements, whether fixed pixel dimensions matter, and whether you need multiple figures in one document. Matplotlib documents both formats and its PDF backend’s multi-page support, but does not prescribe one choice for every publishing workflow.
Set PNG resolution and adjust margins
The dpi argument sets raster resolution in dots per inch. For example, fig.savefig("plot.png", dpi=200) requests 200 DPI for that output. PNG’s resulting pixel dimensions depend on both DPI and the figure’s dimensions; changing DPI alone does not define the whole image size.
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bbox_inches="tight" asks Matplotlib to save a tight bounding box around the figure content. It can help when titles, labels, or legends sit near the edges, but it is not a guarantee that every layout will have ideal margins. Preview the saved image and adjust the layout if anything is clipped. The DPI and bounding-box options are described in the savefig API documentation.
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Save several figures into one PDF
Use PdfPages when each figure should become a page in the same PDF. Call savefig on the PDF object once for each figure:
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from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
with PdfPages("plots.pdf") as pdf:
pdf.savefig(fig1, bbox_inches="tight")
pdf.savefig(fig2, bbox_inches="tight")The Matplotlib PDF backend documentation describes PdfPages as a wrapper for multi-page PDF output. The example assumes fig1 and fig2 have already been created.
Save directly to Android Downloads
Termux does not provide access to Android shared storage by default. In the Termux shell, run termux-setup-storage and approve the requested permission. Termux creates links under ~/storage; the documented ~/storage/downloads link points to the standard Downloads location. See the Termux tools manual.
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In Python, construct the destination with pathlib rather than relying on every string-based API to expand ~:
from pathlib import Path
out = Path.home() / "storage" / "downloads" / "plot.png"
fig.savefig(out, dpi=200, bbox_inches="tight")Use "plot.pdf" instead of "plot.png" if the output should be PDF. If you do not need the file in a shared Android folder immediately, save it in the current directory or elsewhere under Path.home(), then move or copy it after enabling storage access.
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Keep working files in Termux’s private filesystem
Termux recommends keeping Termux files under its private home or prefix directories. Android shared external storage has filesystem limitations, so it is useful as an export destination but should not be treated as a general-purpose Linux working filesystem. The details are in the Termux execution-environment documentation.
Troubleshoot common save problems
- The file is missing from Downloads or a gallery: check the destination path. A file in Termux’s private home is not automatically in shared storage. Run
termux-setup-storage, grant permission, and write to a link such as~/storage/downloads. - A file named .png behaves like a PDF: look for a conflicting explicit
format=argument. Matplotlib follows that argument and does not rename the file to match it. - Labels or legends are cut off: try
bbox_inches="tight", then inspect the saved output. The tight bounding box can change margins, so check the appearance rather than assuming it fixes every layout. - You need multiple pages: open a
PdfPagescontext and call itssavefigmethod for each figure.
If Matplotlib itself will not install, do not assume a package name or installation command applies to every Termux setup. Check the active Termux package repository and the current project instructions for your environment; the Termux storage and savefig documentation cited above do not establish a universal installation command.
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