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Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →To move a WordPress site from a subdomain such as blog.oldsite.example to its own domain such as newsite.example on Ubuntu, you must change three layers in the right order: DNS, the Ubuntu web-server virtual host, and WordPress’s canonical URLs. Then issue a TLS certificate for the new hostname and test both addresses before retiring the old one. A normal single site needs a URL and virtual-host change; a WordPress Multisite subsite also needs domain mapping and cookie checks.
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What “pointing a subdomain to its own domain” actually changes
A subdomain and a separate domain are different hostnames even when they use the same server and WordPress files. For example, blog.example.net might currently resolve to an Ubuntu server, while you want visitors to use example.org. The server can host both names, but each request still has to be routed and generated correctly.
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- DNS tells browsers which server IP address answers for the new domain.
- Apache or nginx selects a site configuration from the hostname supplied in the request.
- WordPress generates links, login URLs, feeds, media URLs and redirects from its configured site address.
- TLS needs a certificate whose names include the new hostname.
Changing only one layer produces familiar failures: the wrong site appears, WordPress redirects back to the old subdomain, CSS and images retain the old host, or HTTPS loops endlessly. Complete the layers in sequence and keep the old address available until the new one passes testing.
Decide whether this is a single site or a Multisite subsite
Normal single-site installation
A standard WordPress installation has one site URL. You normally point the new domain at the same document root, change WordPress Address (URL) and Site Address (URL), and update any hard-coded references to the old subdomain. The web server does not need a second copy of WordPress.
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WordPress Multisite
In Multisite, the subdomain may be one site inside a network. WordPress documentation states that “In WordPress 4.5+, domain mapping is a native feature.” You map the subsite’s domain rather than changing the network’s primary address. Older Multisite releases required a domain-mapping plugin. DNS, the web-server host and a certificate are still required, and mapped-domain login cookies may need the COOKIE_DOMAIN and wp-config.php settings described in WordPress’s administration documentation.
Do not apply single-site URL replacement instructions to the whole network unless you intend to rename every site. Record the network’s current domain, the subsite’s ID and the destination domain before editing.
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Prepare a safe change
- Confirm that you control the destination domain and can edit its DNS zone.
- Identify the Ubuntu server’s public IPv4 address and, if used, its IPv6 address.
- Record the WordPress document root, such as
/var/www/wordpress, and whether Apache or nginx is serving it. - Back up the database and
wp-config.php. Keep a copy of the current Apache or nginx site file. - Write down the existing subdomain and the exact new hostnames you will serve, including whether users should be allowed to visit the apex name,
www, or both. - Check that you can obtain administrative access to Ubuntu and WordPress before changing DNS.
Plan the final URL form first—for example, HTTPS at the apex domain, with www redirected to it. Use that same form in WordPress, the certificate request and your tests. A certificate request for only one name does not automatically cover another name.
Point the new domain at the Ubuntu server with DNS
Create an A record for the destination domain pointing to the server’s IPv4 address. If the server has a publicly reachable IPv6 address, create an AAAA record as well. Add a separate record for www if that hostname will be served; it can point to the same address or be a DNS alias where your provider supports it.
Ubuntu’s TLS guidance requires a registered domain with DNS records pointing to the server before a certificate can be issued. DNS changes may be visible from some networks before others because recursive resolvers cache answers. Do not request the certificate until public DNS returns the intended address.
For an initial check, query both names from a machine outside the server’s local network:
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dig +short newsite.example A
dig +short newsite.example AAAA
dig +short www.newsite.example AThe returned address should be the Ubuntu host that contains the WordPress files. During a temporary migration, you can test a hostname on one client by adding it to that client’s /etc/hosts; Canonical’s Ubuntu WordPress tutorial describes this as an alternative way to map a hostname to the box. This local override does not replace public DNS and cannot be used for public TLS validation.
Configure Apache for the new hostname
Apache chooses a virtual host using the requested hostname. Create a dedicated file in /etc/apache2/sites-available/ rather than changing an unrelated site. The ServerName must be the new domain, and the DocumentRoot must be the directory containing this WordPress installation.
Create the site file
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName newsite.example
ServerAlias www.newsite.example
DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress
<Directory /var/www/wordpress>
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/newsite-error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/newsite-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>Save it as /etc/apache2/sites-available/newsite.example.conf. Replace the domain and document-root values with your own. AllowOverride All permits WordPress’s .htaccess rewrite rules; the directory permissions must also allow Apache to read the files.
Enable the host and rewrite support
- Enable the site:
sudo a2ensite newsite.example.conf. - Enable URL rewriting:
sudo a2enmod rewrite. - Check the configuration:
sudo apache2ctl configtest. Continue only when it reportsSyntax OK. - Reload Apache without stopping active connections:
sudo service apache2 reload.
Ubuntu’s Apache documentation describes ServerName as the hostname used by a virtual host and supports multiple sites on one server. If an enabled default host is catching requests for unknown names, disable that site only after confirming it is not needed: sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf, then run the configuration test and reload again. Leave the old WordPress host enabled while you migrate if it is still serving visitors.
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Check which Apache host answers
sudo apache2ctl -SThis lists parsed virtual hosts and their files. The new domain should appear under the intended configuration. If it does not, the file is not enabled, contains a syntax error, or Apache was not reloaded.
Configure nginx for the new hostname
With nginx, each site normally has a file in /etc/nginx/sites-available/ and a symbolic link in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/. The new domain must appear in a unique server_name; otherwise nginx may use the first or default server block for the request.
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Create an HTTP server block
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name newsite.example www.newsite.example;
root /var/www/wordpress;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ .php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
# Set this socket to the PHP-FPM version installed on this Ubuntu host.
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}
location ~* .(css|js|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|svg|ico|webp)$ {
try_files $uri =404;
}
}Save the block as /etc/nginx/sites-available/newsite.example, link it, test the syntax and reload:
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/newsite.example /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/newsite.example
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginxThe PHP-FPM socket shown is an example of the path format; use the socket belonging to the PHP-FPM package actually installed on your server. Ubuntu’s multi-site pattern uses a unique server_name for each site and a WordPress-compatible try_files fallback to index.php.
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You can let Certbot add the TLS server block after the HTTP block is working, or create a separate TLS block yourself. A production site should redirect HTTP to HTTPS only after the certificate is valid and the HTTPS block serves the correct root. Avoid leaving two competing blocks with the same names and different roots.
Change WordPress’s canonical URLs
After DNS and the web-server host are ready, change the URLs WordPress uses to generate links. For a single site, sign in at the current address and open Settings → General. Set both WordPress Address (URL) and Site Address (URL) to the final destination, for example:
https://newsite.examplefor an HTTPS apex-domain setup; orhttps://www.newsite.exampleifwwwis your canonical host.
Do not leave one field on the old subdomain. Save the settings once, then open a private browser window and visit the new address. WordPress may log you out because its authentication cookies are tied to the host.
When the dashboard becomes unreachable
If you saved an incorrect URL and cannot reach the dashboard, temporarily define the URLs in wp-config.php above the line that says WordPress editing should stop:
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define( 'WP_HOME', 'https://newsite.example' );
define( 'WP_SITEURL', 'https://newsite.example' );Use the final scheme and hostname, then remove these temporary constants after correcting the values through the dashboard or database. Keeping them permanently can prevent later changes in the General Settings screen.
Update old-host references carefully
Changing the two URL fields does not rewrite every stored image, menu, widget or plugin setting. Search the database for the old subdomain and replace it with the new URL using a tool that understands serialized WordPress data. Take a fresh backup first. Also inspect theme files, environment variables, redirect rules and cache settings for the old hostname. Regenerate caches after the replacement so pages do not continue serving stale asset URLs.
Map a Multisite subsite to the new domain
For a Multisite network, first configure DNS and the web-server host exactly as above. Then use the network administration screens to assign the destination domain to the specific subsite. The network’s primary domain remains unchanged unless you are intentionally performing a network-wide migration.
- Back up the network database and
wp-config.php. - In Network Admin → Sites, open the target subsite’s edit screen.
- Set its domain to the new hostname and retain the correct path for the mapped site.
- Save, then test the mapped front end and
/wp-admin/in a private window. - If authentication cookies fail, review the mapped-domain cookie guidance, including any
COOKIE_DOMAINdefinition, in WordPress’s Multisite documentation.
Do not use a network-wide search-and-replace merely to change one subsite’s domain. Multisite stores network and site-specific values separately, and a broad replacement can alter unrelated sites.
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Once public DNS resolves to the Ubuntu server and the intended HTTP virtual host answers, request a certificate with the Certbot plugin matching your web server. For Apache, Ubuntu documents:
sudo certbot --apache -d newsite.example -d www.newsite.exampleFor nginx, the equivalent documented command is:
sudo certbot --nginx -d newsite.example -d www.newsite.exampleInclude only names that resolve to this server and that you intend to serve. If you will not use www, omit it; if users will visit it, include it and configure a deliberate redirect or canonical host. Certbot can modify the matching Apache or nginx configuration and Ubuntu documents automatic service reload after successful renewal. Verify the renewal path with the dry-run option supported by your installed Certbot version, and monitor renewal failures rather than assuming the first certificate will remain valid forever.
Test the migration before removing the old address
Use a private browser window and test from a network that is not relying on a stale local DNS cache. Work through this sequence:
- DNS: confirm A and, where applicable, AAAA answers for the apex and
wwwnames. - Virtual host: request the new hostname and confirm the expected site appears, not the default Ubuntu page or another customer’s site.
- HTTP: open
http://newsite.exampleand verify the redirect target is the chosen HTTPS hostname. - HTTPS: open the final URL and inspect the certificate name and browser security status.
- WordPress front end: test the home page, several posts, categories, search, feeds and pagination.
- Assets: inspect image, CSS and JavaScript requests in browser developer tools; each should use the new host and load over HTTPS.
- Administration: sign in at
/wp-admin/, open the editor, upload a test image if appropriate, and verify media URLs. - Redirect behavior: visit the old subdomain and decide whether it should permanently redirect to the new URL. Confirm there is no chain that bounces between hosts or HTTP and HTTPS.
WordPress warns that a reverse-proxy HTTPS mismatch can create an infinite redirect loop. If TLS terminates at a proxy or load balancer, ensure the proxy’s HTTPS header is passed and that WordPress is not being told simultaneously that the request is HTTP.
Troubleshoot the common failure modes
The wrong site or a default page appears
- Run
digagain and verify the destination resolves to the intended Ubuntu server. - Check the exact hostname in Apache’s
ServerName/ServerAliasor nginx’sserver_name. - For Apache, run
sudo apache2ctl -Sand confirm the new file is enabled. - For nginx, confirm the symbolic link in
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/and runsudo nginx -t. - Look for a default virtual host that is catching unmatched requests, then reload after correcting the order or names.
Certificate issuance fails
Check that public DNS—not only /etc/hosts—returns the server address, that port 80 or the required validation path is reachable, and that every requested hostname points to this host. Wait for DNS caches to expire before retrying. Request the apex and www names together only when both are configured.
The site redirects forever
- Compare WordPress Address and Site Address, including their
http/httpsscheme and hostname. - Inspect Apache rewrite rules or nginx redirect blocks for a rule that sends HTTPS back to HTTP.
- If a reverse proxy is involved, correct its forwarded HTTPS header and the corresponding WordPress setting.
- Remove duplicate virtual hosts that redirect the same name in opposite directions.
Images, styles or scripts still use the old subdomain
Search the database, theme and plugin configuration for the old host, handling serialized values safely. Clear WordPress, page, object and CDN caches, then reload the page with developer tools open. Mixed-content warnings mean at least one resource is still requested over HTTP; locate that URL rather than masking the warning.
Multisite login fails after mapping
Confirm the subsite domain mapping, cookie-domain settings and any wp-config.php constants. Test in a private window to eliminate cookies issued for the old host. A network administrator may need to re-save the mapped site settings after the web-server and certificate changes.
Apache and nginx: which procedure applies?
| Area | Apache | nginx |
|---|---|---|
| Site file | /etc/apache2/sites-available/newsite.example.conf |
/etc/nginx/sites-available/newsite.example |
| Hostname directive | ServerName and optional ServerAlias |
server_name |
| Enable site | sudo a2ensite newsite.example.conf |
Symlink into /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ |
| WordPress routing | AllowOverride All lets .htaccess provide rewrites |
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; in the server block |
| Configuration check | sudo apache2ctl configtest |
sudo nginx -t |
| Reload | sudo service apache2 reload |
sudo systemctl reload nginx |
| Certificate integration | sudo certbot --apache ... |
sudo certbot --nginx ... |
The DNS and WordPress portions are the same for both servers. Only the virtual-host syntax, enablement layout, PHP handling and reload command differ.
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When is it safe to retire the subdomain?
Keep the old host configured while search engines, bookmarks, feeds, integrations and cached clients transition. After the new domain passes front-end, administration, media, HTTPS and redirect tests, choose a single permanent redirect from the old host to the corresponding new URL. Preserve path and query strings where possible so old links remain useful. Do not delete the old virtual host or DNS record before confirming that the redirect itself is served by the intended site.
Once traffic and logs show that the old address is no longer needed, remove its configuration deliberately, renew the certificate covering the names you still serve, and update documentation, webhooks and third-party integrations that referenced the subdomain. Keep the migration backup until you have completed at least one successful restore check.
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