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The filesystem location (for example, /var/www/owncloud) is independent of the public URL. You can keep the files where they are and add a subdirectory route, or combine the URL change with a move to another server. The safe procedure below covers both cases and identifies the settings that differ when a proxy, hostname, or TLS terminator is involved.
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Understand what is changing
A subdirectory migration has three separate layers. Treating them as one setting is the most common cause of broken redirects, WebDAV links, and desktop-client synchronization.
- Filesystem path: the directory containing ownCloud’s application files, such as
/var/www/owncloud. - Public web path: the URL users enter, such as
https://example.com/cloud. - Generated URL rules: the values ownCloud and the web server use for login links, WebDAV endpoints, sharing URLs, and clean (index.php-less) paths.
The data directory should remain protected and, where possible, outside the web root. A route that exposes the data directory directly can disclose private files even when the application itself is configured correctly.
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Choose the migration shape before touching files
Same server, path-only change
If the hostname and server stay the same, you may only need to add an Alias or equivalent route and update config/config.php. DNS does not change, and existing TLS certificates normally remain valid. This is the least disruptive option, but you still need maintenance mode while changing files or configuration.
New server or simultaneous filesystem move
A server migration adds a database restore, application-file transfer, permission checks, and possibly a DNS cutover. Export the database first, copy apps, config, and data, and preserve data-file timestamps. The ownCloud migration guidance says not to make changes on the original system during migration except enabling maintenance mode.
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Hostname or TLS architecture change
If users will enter a new hostname, add that hostname to trusted_domains and arrange DNS for it. If TLS terminates at a reverse proxy rather than Apache, ownCloud may need explicit host and protocol overrides so it does not generate HTTP links or internal proxy paths.
Apache Alias and reverse-proxy routing compared
| Implementation | Use it when | What you must control | Typical failure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Alias | Apache serves the ownCloud files directly and you administer its virtual host. | The Alias path, matching <Directory> permissions, rewrite modules, and .htaccess access. |
Apache serves the wrong site, lists a directory, or returns 404 because Alias or virtual-host precedence is wrong. |
| Reverse proxy | A front-end proxy handles the public hostname while another web server serves ownCloud. | Proxy path forwarding, the original host and protocol headers, and the backend route. | ownCloud believes it is on the root path or HTTP, producing redirects and links that omit /cloud or trigger mixed-content warnings. |
Do not paste an Alias into production without checking the existing virtual hosts and filesystem paths. The exact <Directory> directives depend on your layout, PHP handler, and security policy. The route concept is an Alias from /cloud/ to the ownCloud directory, not a copy of a particular site’s configuration.
Prepare a rollback and put the live instance into maintenance mode
Record the current state
Write down the current public URL, hostname, PHP and database versions, ownCloud installation directory, data-directory location, web-server configuration file, and the user that runs the web process (commonly www-data). Record any reverse proxy, load balancer, or TLS terminator in front of the server.
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Back up before changing routing
- Dump the database and verify that the dump can be read.
- Copy
config/config.php, theappsdirectory, and the data directory to rollback storage. - Save the current Apache or proxy configuration and certificate configuration.
- Confirm you have enough disk space for a second copy if this is a same-server move.
A database backup alone is not sufficient: shares, user metadata, and file-cache records refer to files that must remain intact.
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Enable ownCloud maintenance mode before copying or restoring a live installation. For a full migration, stop the web server after maintenance mode is active so requests cannot alter the original while it is being copied. Keep the original untouched until the target has passed validation.
Step-by-step: move ownCloud to /cloud
-
Decide whether the filesystem path changes
You can leave the installation at
/var/www/owncloudand route/cloud/there, or copy it to a new directory. Keep the data directory outside the publicly served tree. If you copy files, use a method that preserves timestamps; for example, anrsynctransfer with the-toption. Preserve ownership and permissions as well, adapting the account and group to your operating system. -
Create the public route
In Apache, edit the appropriate virtual-host configuration and map the URL path to the installation directory. Conceptually:
Alias /cloud/ /var/www/owncloud/The trailing slashes shown here are intentional for the route concept. Add or adjust the matching
<Directory>block so Apache can read the application and honor the rewrite rules, while denying access to the data directory. Reload Apache only after checking the configuration syntax. With a reverse proxy, configure the front end to pass/cloudto the backend path that actually serves ownCloud, and pass the original host and HTTPS information.Windows Errors? Fix Them Before They Spread
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Restore or transfer the application and data
For a server migration, restore the database on the target, then copy
apps,config, anddata. Do not let a file-copy tool replace timestamps with the copy time: desktop clients can interpret changed timestamps as new content and download files again. Keep the original data until tests are complete. -
Set the trusted hostname
In
config/config.php,trusted_domainsis a security allowlist. Entries contain only the hostname users type, without a scheme, path, or port. If users accesshttps://example.com/cloud, the entry isexample.com. Add every legitimate hostname that will be used, but do not use a blanket wildcard. -
Tell ownCloud its public web root
When automatic detection cannot see the external path, set
overwritewebrootto the subdirectory. Setoverwritehostwhen a proxy hides the public hostname, and setoverwriteprotocoltohttpswhen TLS ends at that proxy. Setoverwrite.cli.urlto the complete base URL used for links generated from command-line jobs.<?php ' trusted_domains' => [ 'example.com', ], 'overwritewebroot' => '/cloud', 'overwrite.cli.url' => 'https://example.com/cloud', 'overwriteprotocol' => 'https', 'htaccess.RewriteBase' => '/cloud',The snippet is illustrative. Remove the accidental leading space before
'trusted_domains'when copying it; the valid key is'trusted_domains'. Addoverwritehostonly when the externally visible host differs from what ownCloud detects. If TLS is served directly by Apache and automatic detection is correct, an explicit protocol override may be unnecessary.Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
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Regenerate clean-URL rules
For index.php-less URLs, set
htaccess.RewriteBaseto the public path, normally/cloud, and run the ownCloud command from the installation directory:Rank #4
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sudo -u www-data ./occ maintenance:update:htaccessMake sure Apache’s required rewrite modules are enabled and that .htaccess files are permitted for the ownCloud directory. If you intentionally use URLs containing
index.php, this step may not apply, but the route and overwrite settings still must be correct. -
Check permissions and configuration syntax
The web-server account must be able to read the application and write the directories ownCloud requires. Do not make the entire installation world-writable. Confirm that the PHP process can read
config/config.php, that the data directory is not exposed by an Alias, and that the configuration file contains valid PHP syntax. -
Start the target in maintenance mode
Start the database and web server on the target. Browse to the new subdirectory URL while maintenance mode is still enabled. Inspect both the web-server error log and ownCloud log for route, permission, PHP, and database errors. A maintenance page proves only that the route reaches ownCloud; it does not prove that login, WebDAV, or background jobs are correct.
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Test with the real hostname
Use the exact hostname and scheme users will use, not an IP address or an internal backend name. Confirm that the login page, administrator login, navigation links, file listing, sharing links, and WebDAV endpoint all retain
/cloud. Test from a client network if a proxy or public DNS is involved. -
Complete DNS and HTTPS changes when required
DNS changes are needed only when the public hostname changes. A new hostname must be present in
trusted_domains. Obtain and install a certificate for that hostname; the ownCloud migration guidance identifies Certbot as an option for certificate issuance. If the hostname did not change, do not alter DNS merely because the path changed. -
Disable maintenance mode and monitor
After validation, disable maintenance mode and log in as an administrator. Open a file, upload a small test file, download it, create a share, and check a WebDAV or desktop-client connection. Watch logs during the first synchronization period before deleting the old copy.
Configuration values at a glance
| Setting | Value for https://example.com/cloud |
Purpose and qualification |
|---|---|---|
trusted_domains |
example.com |
Hostname allowlist; omit scheme, path, and port. |
overwritewebroot |
/cloud |
External webroot when automatic detection is wrong or a proxy masks the path. |
overwritehost |
example.com |
Use when the externally visible host differs from the detected host. |
overwriteprotocol |
https |
Use when TLS terminates at a proxy and ownCloud would otherwise detect HTTP. |
overwrite.cli.url |
https://example.com/cloud |
Complete base URL for command-line-generated links and jobs. |
htaccess.RewriteBase |
/cloud |
Base path used to generate clean rewrite rules. |
Validate every access path before declaring success
Browser and authentication
- The login page loads at the new path without redirecting to the root or old path.
- After login, navigation, logout, password-reset, and sharing links retain the subdirectory.
- An administrator can open the settings pages without a 404.
Files and sharing
- Existing folders and files appear with expected sizes and modification times.
- A test upload, download, rename, and deletion work.
- A newly created public share opens using the complete subdirectory URL.
WebDAV and synchronization
Login success alone is not enough. Verify that generated WebDAV URLs contain the full base path and that a desktop or mobile client can list and transfer a test file. Test using the same hostname clients are configured to use; an internal hostname can hide a proxy-header problem.
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Logs and background work
Check Apache or proxy access and error logs together with the ownCloud log. Look for repeated redirects, authentication failures, permission errors, and requests that still target the old root. Run a background job after the cutover and inspect any links it generates.
Troubleshooting common failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | Checks and correction |
|---|---|---|
| “Access through untrusted domain” | The hostname is absent or incorrectly formatted. | Add the hostname, without scheme, path, or port, to trusted_domains. Confirm that users are not reaching the server through an unlisted alias. |
Redirects go to / or the old path |
ownCloud is detecting the internal webroot or host. | Correct overwritewebroot and overwrite.cli.url; behind a proxy, check overwritehost and overwriteprotocol and the forwarded headers. |
URLs contain index.php or return 404 |
RewriteBase, rewrite modules, or .htaccess permissions are wrong. | Set htaccess.RewriteBase to /cloud, enable the required Apache rewrite modules, ensure .htaccess is honored, and run sudo -u www-data ./occ maintenance:update:htaccess. |
| Login works but WebDAV or sync links fail | Generated URLs use an incomplete base URL or a different hostname. | Inspect generated links, verify the complete overwrite.cli.url, and test from the same hostname configured in clients. |
| Files download again after migration | Transfer changed data-file timestamps. | Repeat the transfer with timestamp preservation, such as rsync -t, and keep ownership and permissions consistent. |
| Apache shows a directory listing or another site | Alias order, virtual-host precedence, or target path is wrong. | Inspect the active virtual-host configuration and confirm that /cloud/ maps to the intended ownCloud directory, not the data directory or a different document root. |
| HTTPS links become HTTP | TLS terminates before the ownCloud backend and the original protocol is not conveyed. | Pass the correct forwarded protocol and set overwriteprotocol to https when automatic detection remains incorrect. |
Automatic detection versus explicit overrides
ownCloud attempts to detect the webroot when generating URLs. Detection is preferable when the server presents a straightforward direct request, because fewer hard-coded values need maintenance. Explicit overrides are appropriate when a reverse proxy, path prefix, alternate hostname, or TLS terminator makes the request look different from what users see.
Do not set every override by habit. Each value should describe the public address. An incorrect override is just as damaging as a missing one: for example, a stale overwrite.cli.url can make scheduled jobs send users to an old hostname even when browser navigation appears correct.
Same-server path change versus full migration
| Concern | Path-only change | Server migration plus path change |
|---|---|---|
| Database | Usually remains in place; back it up before editing configuration. | Dump, transfer, restore, and verify before cutover. |
| Files | May remain in the existing installation directory. | Copy apps, config, and data; preserve timestamps and permissions. |
| DNS | Not required when the hostname is unchanged. | Required only if the public hostname changes. |
| Rollback | Restore the old route and URL settings. | Keep the original server untouched until the target is validated, then reverse DNS or routing if needed. |
| Certificate | Normally unchanged because the hostname is unchanged. | Obtain a certificate for a new public hostname; Certbot is one documented option. |
Security checks after the move
- Re-run the ownCloud procedure that secures .htaccess files after installation or migration.
- Review ownership and permissions so the web process can write only where required.
- Keep the data directory outside the web root and ensure no Alias or proxy route exposes it.
- Remove temporary test routes, copied configuration files, and old public aliases.
- Limit
trusted_domainsto hostnames you actually operate. - Keep the old installation unavailable to users once the new path is confirmed, so clients do not write to two instances.
Rollback plan
If validation fails, re-enable the original route, restore the previous URL settings, and keep the new instance in maintenance mode. For a server migration, direct DNS or the reverse proxy back to the original host and leave the original database and files unchanged. Do not attempt to “repair” both systems simultaneously; determine which instance contains the authoritative data before making another cutover.
A successful move is one in which the public route, generated URLs, rewrite rules, data timestamps, and client endpoints all agree. Changing only the folder name or only the Alias leaves those layers inconsistent and is why apparently simple moves often break after login.
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