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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsThe safe way to move Magento from localhost to a VPS is a controlled deployment, not a file-only copy: inventory the local stack, prepare a compatible and hardened VPS, transfer the code and media, import a consistent database dump, rebuild environment settings, point Nginx at Magento’s pub directory, deploy Magento in production mode, and test every customer-facing and background service before DNS cutover.
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Keep the local installation untouched until the VPS passes storefront, Admin, checkout, email, search, cache, cron, queue, and integration tests. That gives you a rollback path if a URL, permission, PHP extension, or service setting is wrong.
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What actually moves in a Magento migration
A Magento installation is a codebase, deployment configuration, environment configuration, generated and static assets, media, and a database. All of those pieces must agree about the hostname, filesystem paths, credentials, cryptographic key, and service endpoints.
Code and deployment configuration
Place the production Magento code under a single application directory on the VPS. Preserve app/etc/config.php. Adobe describes config.php and env.php together as the Commerce deployment configuration: they are created during installation and are required to start the application. The two files have different roles:
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app/etc/config.phpis shared deployment configuration, including the enabled-module state that should travel with the codebase.app/etc/env.phpis installation-specific. It contains values such as database credentials, cryptographic key, cache and session backends, and other environment-dependent settings. Copy it only after adapting those values for the VPS.
Do not replace a working production configuration with a blank file. If the VPS uses a different database host, database name, user, password, cache service, session store, or search endpoint, change those values deliberately.
Files and assets
Copy the media and generated content required by the destination. Adobe’s production guidance identifies app/etc/config.php, generated, pub/media, pub/media/wysiwyg, and pub/static among production assets. The database contains catalog, customer, order, configuration, and CMS data; it does not replace the files stored in pub/media.
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1. Inventory localhost before changing anything
Write down the exact state of the local store. A migration fails most often when an apparently small dependency is forgotten.
- Magento or Adobe Commerce version and edition.
- PHP version, enabled extensions, memory limit, upload limits, and PHP-FPM assumptions.
- Database engine and version, database name, character set, and the database user used by Magento.
- Search engine and version, plus its host, port, index names, and credentials.
- Cache and session backends, such as the service and database numbers used by the installation.
- Enabled modules, custom packages, checkout changes, payment and shipping integrations, and any module-specific cron or queue consumers.
- Base URLs for HTTP and HTTPS, including any separate media or static URL.
- Custom themes, language packs, patches, Composer configuration, and private package credentials.
- Size of
pub/media, database dump, generated assets, and logs so the VPS has enough storage and transfer time. - Cron entries, queue consumers, scheduled imports, transactional email settings, and webhooks.
Confirm that the destination stack meets the compatibility requirements for this exact Magento release. Do not choose a PHP, database, search, or cache version merely because it is the newest available; use the versions supported by the project and its modules.
2. Prepare and harden the VPS
Build the server before uploading the application. Install a supported Linux distribution, Nginx, PHP with PHP-FPM, the supported database client or server arrangement, and every search and cache/session service required by the release. A remote database or managed search service is acceptable if its network access, latency, credentials, and backup policy are understood.
Access and operating-system controls
- Create a deployment user and use SSH keys rather than password-only login.
- Keep root access for administration, but run Magento filesystem and CLI operations as the user that owns the Magento files.
- Allow only the required firewall ports: SSH from trusted administration networks, HTTP for certificate issuance or redirects, and HTTPS for customer traffic. Do not expose database, search, cache, or PHP-FPM ports publicly unless the architecture requires it.
- Apply security updates, set the server time zone deliberately, and document the patching owner.
- Arrange encrypted, restorable backups for both the database and
pub/media. A backup that has never been restored is not a rollback plan.
Capacity and operations
Size CPU, RAM, NVMe or other storage I/O, and network throughput for the catalog, traffic, indexers, imports, and checkout workload rather than for a development snapshot. Leave headroom for backups, log growth, static-content deployment, and database maintenance. Decide in advance how you will monitor disk space, PHP-FPM saturation, Nginx errors, database health, search health, queue lag, and certificate expiry.
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Choose a geographic region close to customers and dependent services when possible. Check whether the VPS includes snapshots, backup retention, restore controls, managed patching, a service-level agreement, root or SSH access, firewall and TLS tooling, and Magento-specific operational support. Adobe’s application and Nginx guidance does not endorse a particular hosting provider or publish provider benchmarks, so compare these capabilities directly.
3. Freeze writes and create a consistent transfer
Plan a short maintenance window. Stop local checkout, imports, administrator edits, cron jobs, queue consumers, and other writers, or place the store in maintenance mode. The goal is a database dump whose catalog, customers, orders, and configuration represent one point in time. Keep a final dump for cutover even if you made an earlier test copy.
Transfer code and media securely
Use an authenticated, encrypted transfer method such as SSH-based copy or a private artifact repository. Transfer the application code, app/etc/config.php, the adapted app/etc/env.php when appropriate, pub/media, and any required generated or static assets. Preserve file contents and permissions during transfer; do not upload a local vendor directory that was built for an incompatible PHP platform without checking the project’s deployment method.
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Keep secrets out of publicly served directories and out of shell history where your operational policy requires it. Verify checksums or file counts for large media transfers, and record the source and destination paths so a second sync can be performed during final cutover.
Create the database dump
With writes stopped, create a transactionally consistent dump. Adobe’s migration example uses this pattern:
mysqldump -h <database host> --user=<database username> --password=<password> --single-transaction --triggers <database name> | gzip - > /tmp/database.sql.gzThe --single-transaction option is intended for a consistent snapshot of transactional tables while the database remains available; --triggers includes database triggers. Confirm that the dump completed, is non-empty, and can be decompressed before transferring it. Protect the archive because it contains customer and order data.
Create the destination database and import
- Create a database on the VPS or approved database service using the character set and collation expected by the Magento release.
- Create a dedicated database user with the privileges Magento needs; do not reuse an unrelated administrative account.
- Transfer the compressed dump over the protected channel.
- Decompress and import it into the empty destination database, watching for errors and available disk space.
- Record the destination host, database name, username, password, and port for the environment configuration.
Do not point the live application at a partially imported database. If the import reports an error, stop and correct it before changing Nginx or DNS.
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4. Reconnect Magento to the VPS environment
Adapt app/etc/env.php for the destination database and services, or regenerate the database portion with Magento’s configuration command. Adobe documents these parameters for bin/magento setup:config:set:
bin/magento setup:config:set --db-host=<database host> --db-name=<database name> --db-user=<database username> --db-password=<password> --key=<encryption key>Use the existing encryption key when preserving encrypted configuration and customer data. Changing it without a deliberate re-encryption plan can make stored credentials or other encrypted values unusable. The command syntax and options should match the Magento version installed on the VPS; review the command output and the resulting app/etc/env.php rather than assuming a local file was updated correctly.
Reconnect cache, session, queue, and search settings to the destination services. If those services run on separate hosts, verify firewall rules, DNS resolution, TLS requirements, credentials, and service health from the VPS itself. A database connection that works from your laptop does not prove that the VPS can reach the same endpoint.
5. Change localhost URLs to the live hostname
Magento will continue generating links, redirects, cookies, and asset URLs for localhost until both unsecure and secure base URLs are changed. Use the CLI after the database is available:
bin/magento config:set web/unsecure/base_url https://example.com/
bin/magento config:set web/secure/base_url https://example.com/Replace the example hostname with the final canonical domain and retain the trailing slash expected by Magento’s URL value. If the site intentionally serves HTTP before TLS is installed, use the planned HTTP value temporarily, then set the secure URL and enforce HTTPS as part of the TLS cutover. Adobe documents bin/magento config:set for values such as web/unsecure/base_url; the equivalent records are the relevant core_config_data values when a controlled database update is required.
Check for additional localhost references in store-view-scoped configuration, CMS content, email templates, integration callbacks, payment and shipping dashboards, JavaScript configuration, and media or static URL settings. Change only the values that belong to this environment, and take a database backup before direct SQL edits.
6. Configure Nginx and PHP-FPM correctly
Use Magento’s supplied nginx.conf.sample as the basis for the server block instead of writing a permissive generic PHP configuration. Set $MAGE_ROOT to the Magento application directory, include the sample configuration, and connect the upstream to the PHP-FPM socket or host used by the installed PHP version.
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Serve pub, not the project root
The Nginx document root must be Magento’s pub directory. This keeps application configuration, code, and other sensitive directories from being directly requested by a browser. A server block that exposes the project root can leak files even when the storefront appears to work.
Match the PHP-FPM pool
Confirm that the Nginx FastCGI upstream points to the actual PHP-FPM socket or address, that the pool runs under the intended user, and that the pool’s memory, request timeout, upload, and environment settings meet the Magento release and workload. Reload Nginx only after its configuration test succeeds, and restart or reload the matching PHP-FPM service after PHP settings or pool configuration changes.
TLS, redirects, and hostnames
Install the certificate for the final hostname, configure HTTP-to-HTTPS behavior deliberately, and test both the canonical host and any redirect aliases. Ensure forwarded-protocol headers are handled consistently so Magento does not alternate between HTTP and HTTPS or create redirect loops.
7. Set ownership, deploy, and warm the application
Run Magento CLI commands as the Magento filesystem owner. Running some commands as root can leave root-owned generated files that prevent the web user or deployment user from writing later.
- Set ownership and restrictive permissions according to your operating-system and Nginx/PHP-FPM user model. Keep writable locations limited to the directories Magento requires.
- Put the installation in production mode when the release and deployment process call for it.
- Run
bin/magento setup:upgradeso the imported code and database module state agree. - Compile dependency injection and deploy static content when required by the release and mode. Use the locales and themes the store actually serves rather than deploying an accidental default set.
- Flush Magento caches and clear or rebuild external cache layers according to their own procedures.
- Restart or reload PHP-FPM and Nginx after configuration changes, then watch their logs during the first requests.
- Run indexers, queue consumers, and scheduled jobs according to the project’s operating procedure. Confirm that cron is installed for the deployment user and is not still running against localhost.
Do not delete media while cleaning generated content. Keep pub/media intact, and verify that the web process can read it and that Magento can write only the directories that genuinely need write access.
8. Validate the VPS before DNS cutover
Test with a temporary hostname, hosts-file entry, or another private routing method so the public DNS still points to the old store. Record each result instead of relying on a single successful homepage request.
Customer and Admin paths
- Open the storefront over HTTPS and inspect canonical links, redirects, cookies, and response headers.
- Browse category, product, search, CMS, and store-view pages.
- Sign in, reset a password, add products to a cart, and complete a test checkout using the payment gateway’s approved test method.
- Sign in to Admin and verify that grids, product editing, orders, configuration, and media uploads work.
- Load product and CMS images, resized images, JavaScript, CSS, fonts, and theme assets; a page without styling usually indicates static deployment, URL, or permission trouble.
Background services and integrations
- Send a transactional email and confirm delivery, sender identity, links, and queue processing.
- Run a search query and check that indexing and the configured search service are healthy.
- Verify cache hits and invalidation without serving one customer another customer’s session.
- Run cron and inspect its output; test queue consumers, imports, exports, webhooks, payment callbacks, shipping rates, tax services, and other integrations.
- Check database, PHP-FPM, Nginx, Magento, search, cache, and queue logs for warnings and fatal errors.
- Test the certificate chain, renewal plan, HTTP-to-HTTPS redirect, and the final DNS records from more than one network.
Keep the local instance online but prevent accidental writes once the final dump is made. Preserve the destination backup and the original database until the new store has completed a normal operating cycle.
9. Perform the DNS cutover and keep a rollback plan
- Lower DNS time-to-live before the change if your DNS provider permits it, while retaining enough time for caches to expire.
- Place the old store in maintenance mode and stop its cron, queue, imports, and other writers.
- Take the final consistent database dump and synchronize media or changed code files.
- Import the final dump, apply environment values and base URLs, run the deployment steps, and repeat the critical checkout and Admin tests.
- Update the DNS records to the VPS, then monitor requests, logs, payment callbacks, email, queues, and error rates.
- Do not shut down the old server or discard backups until DNS propagation and business verification are complete.
Rollback means more than pointing DNS back. If orders or customer changes were accepted on the VPS, reconcile those writes before reopening the old database; otherwise you can lose data or duplicate orders. Define who makes that decision and which backup becomes authoritative before cutover.
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Choosing a VPS for Magento and Nginx
Compare the destination against the workload and the Magento release, not against a generic “managed” label. The following checklist keeps the decision tied to migration risk:
| Comparison area | Questions to answer | Why it matters during the move |
|---|---|---|
| Supported software | Are the required PHP, database, search, and cache versions available and maintained? | An unsupported version can prevent installation, indexing, or module startup. |
| CPU and RAM | Is there headroom for PHP-FPM workers, indexers, imports, checkout, and backups? | Migration tasks compete with customer traffic and can expose memory limits. |
| Storage and I/O | Is the storage fast enough and large enough for the database, media, logs, backups, and generated assets? | Slow or full storage causes failed imports, timeouts, and incomplete deployments. |
| Backups and restore | Are database and file backups automated, retained, encrypted, and restorable to a known point? | A snapshot alone may not restore a consistent Magento database and media set. |
| Network and region | Is throughput adequate, and is the region suitable for customers and external services? | Large media syncs, payment calls, search, and checkout depend on predictable latency. |
| Access and security | Do you receive root or SSH access, private networking, firewall controls, and TLS tooling? | You need to install the exact stack and restrict internal services. |
| Operations | Who handles patching, monitoring, incident response, and PHP/Nginx tuning? | Unowned maintenance turns a successful migration into an unreliable production system. |
| Service commitment | What SLA, support scope, maintenance windows, and escalation path are documented? | Support quality matters when checkout or database recovery is urgent. |
| Magento expertise | Can support troubleshoot indexers, cron, queues, deployment mode, and Magento permissions? | Generic VPS support may stop at the operating-system layer. |
Common failure symptoms and fixes
Redirect loop or localhost links
Check both secure and unsecure base URLs, store-view overrides, HTTPS detection headers, and any reverse-proxy configuration. Flush Magento and external caches after correcting values. Test in a private browser session so an old cookie does not hide the result.
Blank page, 500 response, or “front controller” errors
Read the PHP-FPM and Nginx error logs first. Confirm that Nginx serves pub, the FastCGI socket exists, PHP has the required extensions and memory, generated directories are writable by the Magento owner, and production deployment commands completed without errors.
Images or static assets return 404
Verify that pub/media and the required static directories were transferred or rebuilt, that URLs no longer contain localhost, and that Nginx is using Magento’s sample rules. Check case-sensitive filenames and filesystem read permissions.
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Database connection or encrypted-setting errors
Recheck the host, port, database name, user, password, network firewall, and database grants from the VPS. Confirm that the original encryption key is present when encrypted configuration was migrated, and inspect app/etc/env.php for stale local endpoints.
Search, cache, or sessions fail
Test connectivity from the VPS to each service, verify credentials and TLS settings, confirm the configured service version is supported, and check service logs. A working database does not imply that search or Redis-style backends are reachable.
Orders, email, or cron do not run
Check that cron belongs to the Magento filesystem owner, that PHP CLI uses the intended PHP version, and that queue consumers and scheduled jobs are running on the VPS. Verify outbound network access, sender configuration, webhook URLs, and third-party credentials after the hostname change.
Quick Recap
Migration completion checklist
- Magento, PHP, database, search, cache, and module versions are recorded and compatible.
- The VPS is patched, firewalled, monitored, backed up, and reachable through SSH keys.
- Code,
app/etc/config.php, adaptedapp/etc/env.php, media, generated content, and static assets are present. - The final database dump imported without errors and the encryption key was preserved.
- Both base URLs use the intended live hostname and HTTPS behavior is correct.
- Nginx uses Magento’s configuration sample, PHP-FPM is connected, and the document root is
pub. - Ownership, production deployment, upgrades, static content, caches, indexers, cron, and queues are complete.
- Storefront, Admin, checkout, customer accounts, media, email, search, cache, integrations, logs, and TLS were tested before DNS changed.
- The old installation and verified backups remain available until rollback is no longer needed.
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