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The reliable installation path is to prepare a supported Ubuntu web stack, create a dedicated MySQL or MariaDB database, download the current WordPress archive, configure Apache or Nginx to run PHP, enable HTTPS, and finish the setup in a browser. Apache follows Canonical’s documented Ubuntu route; Nginx works equally well but requires an explicit PHP-FPM socket and server block.
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What you need before installing WordPress
Use a supported Ubuntu Server host with shell access and sudo privileges. Decide the hostname first: a public DNS name is required for a normal production certificate, while a local hostname is sufficient for a private test installation. Shell-based file transfer is simplest; FTP is optional.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute| Component | Minimum or recommended baseline | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| PHP | PHP 8.3 or newer is WordPress’s current recommendation | Runs WordPress core, themes and plugins |
| Database | MariaDB 10.11 or newer, or MySQL 8.0 or newer | Stores posts, settings, users and metadata |
| Web server | Apache or Nginx | Serves static files and passes PHP requests to the runtime |
| HTTPS | A valid certificate for production | Protects logins, cookies and administrative traffic |
| Host resources | Enough disk, memory and CPU for your traffic, media and plugins | WordPress itself is small, but extensions and uploads can grow quickly |
The PHP, database and HTTPS figures above reflect the current WordPress requirements page accessed on October 14, 2026. WordPress’s “Before You Install” guidance was updated December 17, 2025. Verify the versions actually available in your Ubuntu release rather than assuming that every release ships the same PHP branch.
Choose Apache or Nginx
| Decision point | Apache | Nginx |
|---|---|---|
| Configuration model | Virtual-host files and the rewrite module |
Server blocks with routing written directly in Nginx configuration |
| PHP integration | Can use Ubuntu’s packaged Apache PHP integration | Requires PHP-FPM and a configured Unix socket or upstream |
| Permalink handling | WordPress can use .htaccess when overrides are allowed |
Uses a try_files front-controller rule in the server block |
| Best operational fit | Administrators already familiar with Apache site files | Administrators already operating Nginx and PHP-FPM |
Both are robust, featureful choices supported by WordPress. There is no universal speed winner for this deployment; traffic pattern, plugins, PHP settings, caching and hardware determine real-world performance. Use the conventions already used by the rest of your server fleet.
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Prepare Ubuntu and install the common packages
Log in over SSH and update the host before adding the web stack:
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y curl tar unzip mariadb-serverMySQL can be used instead of MariaDB. If MySQL is already installed, keep that server and skip installing a second database daemon. Check the PHP runtime after installing the web-server-specific packages below:
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php -vIf the reported major and minor version is below 8.3, install a supported PHP version for your Ubuntu release before continuing. Do not proceed with an obsolete runtime merely because the command is available.
Install WordPress with Apache
1. Install Apache, PHP and WordPress extensions
Install Apache and the extensions used by the Ubuntu walkthrough. Package names can vary slightly between Ubuntu releases, so let APT report a package that is unavailable rather than substituting an old PHP branch without checking compatibility.
sudo apt install -y apache2 php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-curl php-imagick php-intl php-mbstring php-xml php-zip php-bcmathConfirm the web server and PHP module are active:
sudo systemctl enable --now apache2
php -m | grep -E 'curl|imagick|intl|mbstring|mysqli|mysqlnd|xml|zip|bcmath'2. Download the upstream WordPress archive
Use the current archive from WordPress.org instead of an outdated distribution package. The following example keeps the site under /srv/www/wordpress:
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sudo mkdir -p /srv/www
cd /tmp
curl -LO https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
sudo tar -xzf latest.tar.gz -C /srv/www
sudo chown -R root:root /srv/www/wordpress
sudo find /srv/www/wordpress -type d -exec chmod 755 {} ;
sudo find /srv/www/wordpress -type f -exec chmod 644 {} ;Keeping the code owned by root or a controlled deployment account prevents a compromised plugin or web process from rewriting the entire application. You can grant narrowly scoped write access to wp-content/uploads later if your update policy requires it; do not make the whole tree writable by www-data without understanding the risk.
3. Create the Apache virtual host
Replace example.com with your real DNS name. Create /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
DocumentRoot /srv/www/wordpress
DirectoryIndex index.php
<Directory /srv/www/wordpress>
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride Limit Options FileInfo
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wordpress-error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wordpress-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>AllowOverride permits WordPress’s generated rewrite rules in .htaccess. If your security policy forbids per-directory overrides, replace that approach with equivalent rules in the virtual host and keep overrides disabled.
4. Enable the site and rewrite module
sudo a2ensite wordpress.conf
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo systemctl reload apache2The configuration test must return Syntax OK. If it reports a duplicate ServerName, a missing directory or an invalid directive, correct that error before reloading.
5. Create a least-privilege database and user
Open the local database administrator console:
sudo mariadbRun SQL with a unique database name, username and long random password. The same statements work in MySQL’s client:
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CREATE DATABASE wordpress CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'wp_site'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'replace-with-a-long-random-password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wp_site'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;The grant is limited to this site’s database. Create a separate database and account for each independent site whenever practical, particularly on a multi-tenant server. Never publish the database password in a ticket, shell history or configuration repository.
6. Complete the browser installer
Point DNS at the server, then visit the hostname in a browser. WordPress asks for:
- Database name:
wordpressin the example - Database username:
wp_site - Database password: the value used in the
CREATE USERstatement - Database host: usually
localhostfor a database on the same machine - Table prefix: keep the default for one installation, or use a unique prefix when separate installations intentionally share one database
Choose a site title, administrator username, strong administrator password and email address. Avoid using admin as the administrator username. If the installer cannot write wp-config.php, copy wp-config-sample.php to wp-config.php, enter the database values and the authentication salts manually, then restore restrictive ownership and permissions.
Install WordPress with Nginx and PHP-FPM
Use the same Ubuntu preparation, archive extraction, database creation and HTTPS process as the Apache route. Only the web-server and PHP execution layer changes.
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1. Install Nginx, PHP-FPM and extensions
sudo apt install -y nginx php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-imagick php-intl php-mbstring php-xml php-zip php-bcmath
sudo systemctl enable --now nginx
sudo systemctl enable --now php8.3-fpmThe service name may be php8.2-fpm, php8.4-fpm or another version supported by your Ubuntu release. Discover the installed socket instead of guessing:
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ls -l /run/php/*fpm.sock
systemctl list-units --type=service 'php*-fpm.service'Use the socket shown by those commands in the server block. The official Ubuntu walkthrough retrieved for this subject is Apache-specific, so verify the exact PHP-FPM package name, socket path and included-snippet syntax on the deployed Ubuntu and PHP versions.
2. Create the Nginx server block
Create /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress. Change the PHP-FPM socket if your system reports a different filename:
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
root /srv/www/wordpress;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ .php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
}
location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*.php$ {
deny all;
}
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
}The try_files directive sends unknown URLs to WordPress’s front controller while serving existing files directly. The PHP location passes only PHP requests to FPM, and the deny rules prevent hidden Apache files and uploaded PHP files from being executed.
3. Enable the site and test Nginx
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/wordpress
sudo rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginxnginx -t must report a successful syntax test. A 502 Bad Gateway after reload almost always means that Nginx is pointing to a nonexistent or stopped PHP-FPM socket; compare fastcgi_pass with ls -l /run/php/*fpm.sock and restart the matching FPM service.
4. Run the WordPress installer
Browse to the configured hostname and enter the database name, account, password and host created earlier. Nginx does not use .htaccess, so keep the try_files rule in place before testing permalinks. The browser installer still writes or requests the same wp-config.php file as the Apache installation.
Enable HTTPS before production use
Do this after DNS resolves to the server and before inviting users to log in. Permit TCP ports 80 and 443 in the host firewall and any cloud firewall. Port 80 is commonly needed for certificate validation and redirects.
Apache certificate setup
Install an ACME client appropriate for your Ubuntu release, then request a certificate for every hostname users will visit. With Certbot, the Apache plugin can configure the virtual host and redirect HTTP:
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sudo certbot --apache -d example.com -d www.example.comNginx certificate setup
sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.comRead the proposed redirect and certificate changes before accepting them. Confirm that renewal is scheduled and perform a dry run using the ACME client’s renewal test. After HTTPS is active, check the WordPress Address and Site Address under Settings → General; both should use the final https:// hostname. Mixed-content warnings usually indicate hard-coded http:// image, stylesheet or script URLs in a theme or plugin.
Permissions and hardening decisions
- Keep
wp-config.phpreadable by the PHP process but not broadly writable. It contains database credentials and cryptographic salts. - Allow the web server to write only where necessary, normally the uploads directory and a deliberately chosen update workflow.
- Use separate Unix users, databases and virtual hosts for unrelated sites. Shared ownership by
www-datamakes maintenance easier but increases the impact of a compromised site. - Disable unused services and restrict SSH with keys, firewall rules and regular operating-system updates.
- Install themes and plugins only from sources you trust, and remove inactive extensions rather than leaving them exposed.
- Back up both the database and uploaded files before WordPress, theme, plugin or PHP upgrades.
Verify the installation after first login
- Open the home page, an individual post, a category archive and the login page.
- In Settings → Permalinks, save the chosen structure once, then test a post URL in a private browser window.
- Upload an image larger than a thumbnail and confirm that it appears in the Media Library.
- Check Tools → Site Health for HTTPS, loopback, scheduled-event and PHP-extension warnings.
- Confirm that the server clock, DNS records and certificate names are correct.
- Trigger a scheduled task or publish a test post and verify that WP-Cron or your chosen system-cron arrangement runs.
- Record the Ubuntu, web-server, PHP, database and WordPress versions so future upgrades can be planned and rolled back.
Troubleshooting common failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | Checks and remedy |
|---|---|---|
| Apache shows 403 Forbidden | Incorrect directory permissions, missing Require all granted or an access rule blocking the path |
Check the Apache error log, verify that every parent directory is searchable, and confirm the virtual-host <Directory> block. |
| Nginx returns 502 Bad Gateway | PHP-FPM is stopped or the socket path is wrong | Run systemctl status php*-fpm, list /run/php/*fpm.sock, correct fastcgi_pass and reload Nginx. |
| WordPress says it cannot connect to the database | Wrong database name, account, password, host or database service state | Test the credentials with the database client, check systemctl status mariadb or MySQL, and ensure the account is permitted from the host shown in the grant. |
| Pretty permalinks return 404 | Apache rewrite is disabled or Nginx lacks the front-controller rule | Enable rewrite and allow the required Apache overrides, or add try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; to Nginx. |
| Media uploads fail or are truncated | PHP upload limits, filesystem permissions or reverse-proxy limits | Inspect upload_max_filesize, post_max_size and the PHP-FPM/Apache or Nginx configuration, then restart the affected service after changes. |
| Browser redirects repeatedly between HTTP and HTTPS | Conflicting proxy headers or mismatched WordPress URL settings | Use one canonical HTTPS hostname, configure trusted proxy headers when a load balancer terminates TLS, and correct both WordPress URL fields. |
| Updates request FTP credentials | The PHP process cannot write to the selected directories | Prefer a controlled deployment or narrowly scoped ownership change; do not make the entire WordPress tree world-writable. |
Backups, updates and ongoing operation
A WordPress backup has two independent parts: the database and the files, especially wp-content/uploads and any custom themes or plugins. A simple database export is:
mysqldump --single-transaction --routines --triggers -u wp_site -p wordpress > wordpress-$(date +%F).sqlStore the dump away from the web root and test restoring it. For files, archive the WordPress directory or at least the uploads and custom-code directories to storage that the web server cannot serve directly. Keep multiple dated copies and encrypt off-host backups.
Apply Ubuntu security updates, the web server, PHP, database server, WordPress core, themes and plugins on a schedule. Read compatibility notes before changing PHP major or minor versions. Take a fresh backup, update one layer at a time, exercise the verification checklist and retain a rollback path. Monitor certificate renewal, disk space, error logs, failed logins and scheduled-task execution.
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Choose Apache when you want to follow Canonical’s documented Ubuntu walkthrough closely, rely on familiar virtual-host files or let WordPress-managed .htaccess rules handle rewrites. Choose Nginx when your fleet already standardizes on Nginx, you prefer centralized server-block routing or you are comfortable operating PHP-FPM.
Neither choice removes the important work: a current PHP runtime, a supported database, correct URL routing, least-privilege ownership, HTTPS and regular maintenance. Select the server your team can configure, monitor and recover confidently rather than choosing on an unverified performance claim.
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