Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsInstall Selenium 4 through your language’s package manager or build tool—not with a universal desktop installer. As of October 3, 2026, the Selenium project lists 4.49.0, released September 9, 2026, as stable; 4.50.0 is a nightly snapshot. Choose your language below, add Selenium to the project, then try a browser session. In the usual supported setup, Selenium Manager can find a compatible browser driver for you, so you do not normally need to download one separately.
Choose the Selenium package for your language
Use the package manager or build tool your project already uses. The commands without a version pin install the latest version available when you run them; pin a version in a project dependency file when you need repeatable builds. Selenium’s official install examples use version 4.49.0 for pinned dependencies as of October 3, 2026. Check the current Selenium downloads page before pinning a release.
| Language | Install command or declaration | Where it belongs |
|---|---|---|
| Python | pip install selenium; pinned: selenium==4.49.0 |
Run in the active environment; put the pin in requirements.txt. |
| Java | org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java |
Add the dependency to Maven’s pom.xml or a Gradle build, using Maven Central. |
| .NET / C# | dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver |
Run from the project directory, or add a NuGet PackageReference to the project file. |
| Ruby | gem install selenium-webdriver |
Run directly, or declare the dependency in the project’s Gemfile and use Bundler. |
| JavaScript / Node.js | npm install selenium-webdriver |
Run from the Node.js project directory. |
Install Selenium in Python
Create an environment and install
From your project directory, create and activate a virtual environment if you want the Selenium dependency isolated from other Python projects. Then install the binding:
python -m venv .venv
# macOS or Linux:
source .venv/bin/activate
# Windows PowerShell:
.venvScriptsActivate.ps1
python -m pip install seleniumTo pin the version used in the official Selenium example at the date above, put this line in requirements.txt:
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selenium==4.49.0Install from that file with python -m pip install -r requirements.txt. The minimum supported Python version can vary by Selenium release; consult the version-specific “Supported Python Versions” metadata on PyPI rather than relying on an old minimum.
Verify with a browser session
Save as check_selenium.py, then run python check_selenium.py. This opens Chrome, reads the page title, and closes the session even if an error occurs after the browser starts.
from selenium import webdriver
with webdriver.Chrome() as driver:
driver.get("https://example.com")
print(driver.title)Install Selenium in Java
Use the build tool already configured for your Java project. For Maven, add this dependency inside the project’s <dependencies> element in pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.49.0</version>
</dependency>For Gradle, add the equivalent dependency and version to the project’s dependencies configuration. The official current Gradle example uses Selenium 4.49.0 and Maven Central. Use your project’s existing syntax and dependency management rather than adding a second, conflicting declaration.
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For a minimal Maven project, save this class under the usual source directory as src/main/java/QuickCheck.java, then run it with your project’s configured Java tooling:
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class QuickCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
driver.get("https://example.com");
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}Verify the minimum supported Java version for the Selenium release you select on the current install documentation. An older Selenium 4 upgrade page states Java 8 as a minimum, but that historical statement should not be assumed to describe every later release.
Install Selenium in .NET or C#
Run this from the directory containing the project file:
dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriverAlternatively, use the Package Manager Console command Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver, or add a versioned PackageReference to the project’s .csproj. The current official example pins version 4.49.0. After adding the package, restore and build the project using its normal .NET workflow.
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If restore or build fails, check that NuGet package sources are configured and that any nuget.config is present and well formed. A package-source configuration problem can prevent a dependency from resolving even when the package name is correct.
Install Selenium in Ruby
For a direct installation, run:
gem install selenium-webdriverFor a project-managed install, declare selenium-webdriver in the Gemfile and run Bundler. To pin the current official example’s version, use:
gem "selenium-webdriver", "4.49.0"Check RubyGems’ metadata for the selected release’s minimum Ruby version before installing it into an older runtime.
Install Selenium in JavaScript or Node.js
From your Node.js project directory, install the WebDriver package:
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npm install selenium-webdriverThe current official example pins version 4.49.0; npm records the installed dependency in the project manifest and lockfile. Check the package’s Node Support Policy for the minimum Node.js version supported by the Selenium release you choose.
This CommonJS example uses Chrome and prints the page title. Save it as check.js and run node check.js:
const { Builder } = require('selenium-webdriver');
(async function check() {
const driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
try {
await driver.get('https://example.com');
console.log(await driver.getTitle());
} finally {
await driver.quit();
}
})();Do you need to install ChromeDriver separately?
Usually, no. Selenium Manager is included with Selenium releases starting at 4.6. When a binding needs a driver and none has been provided, Selenium Manager can detect an installed browser’s version, resolve and download a compatible driver, and cache it. Install Selenium first, then try a normal WebDriver session such as the examples above.
From Selenium 4.11 onward, Selenium Manager can also discover, download, and cache supported browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, and Edge. This is not a guarantee for every operating system, architecture, or custom browser installation. You can still provide a driver manually or use another driver-management tool when the environment requires explicit control.
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When automatic driver setup may not work
- The Selenium Manager documentation says its binaries are supplied for Windows, Linux, and macOS; documented support covers Windows x86 and x64, macOS Intel and Apple Silicon, and Linux x64.
- Linux ARM64/aarch64, 32-bit systems, and Raspberry Pi are listed as environments where Selenium Manager will not work normally.
- A browser installed through a custom Linux package manager may require you to specify the browser and/or driver location.
- A browser can fail to launch on Linux if required system libraries are missing.
- Restricted network access can prevent Selenium Manager from downloading a driver or browser that is not already available.
For these cases, follow the Selenium Manager documentation for browser and driver paths, or provide a compatible driver yourself. Selenium’s documentation describes Selenium Manager as “the official driver manager of the Selenium project” and says it ships with every Selenium release: Selenium Manager documentation.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to choose a version and keep setup reproducible
Use the stable release for a general setup unless your project has a reason to stay on a particular version. As of October 3, 2026, that is Selenium 4.49.0, released September 9, 2026; 4.50.0 is listed as a nightly snapshot, not a stable release. These version labels change, so confirm them on the downloads page when setting up a new project.
- For a quick local experiment, an unpinned install command is convenient but can resolve to a newer version later.
- For a team project or automated build, record an exact Selenium version in the language’s dependency file or build configuration and commit the appropriate lockfile where the ecosystem uses one.
- Check the supported runtime metadata for that exact release: Python on PyPI, Ruby on RubyGems, Node.js in the package’s support policy, and Java in the current Selenium install documentation.
- Keep browser and driver setup consistent across developer machines and CI. If the environment cannot download binaries dynamically, provision the browser and driver explicitly and configure their locations.
Troubleshoot common installation and startup problems
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check or do |
|---|---|---|
| The package command succeeds, but the script cannot import or find Selenium. | Installation and execution are using different language environments or project directories. | Activate the intended Python virtual environment, use that interpreter’s pip, or run the command from the correct Node, Ruby, Java, or .NET project. |
| Dependency resolution says the runtime version is unsupported. | The selected Selenium release requires a newer Python, Java, Ruby, or Node.js runtime. | Check the selected release’s current runtime metadata and either upgrade the runtime or choose a compatible Selenium version. |
| The first browser session cannot obtain a driver. | Selenium Manager cannot reach its download source, cannot identify a supported browser setup, or is running on a platform outside normal support. | Check network access and platform architecture; for custom installs, configure browser/driver paths or supply a compatible driver manually. |
| Browser starts and immediately exits or fails to launch on Linux. | System libraries may be missing, or the browser package location may differ from Selenium Manager’s expectations. | Install the browser’s required system libraries and provide explicit browser or driver locations if the package is nonstandard. |
dotnet add package or restore cannot find Selenium.WebDriver. |
NuGet sources may be absent or nuget.config may be missing or malformed. |
Review the configured package sources and repair the project’s NuGet configuration, then restore again. |
| A pinned dependency installs, but a different version runs in another environment. | The version was not pinned consistently, or the relevant lockfile/dependency file was not used during install. | Record the version in the project’s canonical dependency file and install from that file in local and automated environments. |
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Frequently Asked Questions
Is Selenium 4 the same as Selenium WebDriver?
Selenium 4 is the current major generation of Selenium’s browser automation project; the language packages install its WebDriver bindings.
Can I install Selenium from VS Code?
Yes. Open the project’s integrated terminal and run the command for its language and environment; VS Code itself is not a separate Selenium installer.
Quick Recap
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