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World desk9 min

How to Install RVM With an Ansible Playbook

Use Ansible's rvm.ruby role to install RVM reliably, choose between per-user and shared deployments, manage Ruby versions, and ensure every later task loads RVM with Bash.
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The most repeatable way to install RVM with Ansible is to use the rvm.ruby role from Ansible Galaxy, define the Ruby versions in rvm1_rubies, and source RVM explicitly in every later shell task that uses rvm, ruby, gem or bundle. Choose a per-user installation for one account, or a shared installation under /usr/local/rvm when several accounts need the same Rubies.

Choose the installation model first

RVM can be installed for one Unix user or shared system-wide. The choice changes the path, ownership, installer flags, privilege requirements and the file you source in later tasks. Decide this before writing the playbook.

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Concern Single-user installation System-wide installation
Typical user The deployment or application account, such as deploy Several users on the host
Install path /home/deploy/.rvm A shared directory such as /usr/local/rvm
Install flags Include --user-install with --auto-dotfiles Use --auto-dotfiles; omit --user-install
Owner and permissions The application user owns the RVM tree root owns the shared tree, with access granted according to the role’s setup
Ansible privilege The play normally uses become: true to prepare the host, then runs user-specific commands as the application account Run the role with privilege escalation and install into the shared path
Initialization file for later tasks /home/deploy/.rvm/scripts/rvm or the profile file generated by the role /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
Who selects or updates Rubies The individual account Administrators control the shared versions

A per-user install avoids cross-account permission surprises and is generally the simplest choice for one deploy account. A system-wide install avoids duplicating Ruby builds when multiple services share a host, but its permissions and upgrade process deserve more operational discipline.

Prepare the managed host

RVM is a Bash-based shell function, not a standalone executable that works in every shell. It requires Bash rather than plain sh, plus common GNU utilities including awk, sed, grep, ls, cp, tar, curl, gunzip and bunzip2. Git is needed for some Ruby source builds. The installer also needs GPG tooling so its signing keys can be verified.

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Install Debian-family prerequisites

Package names differ between operating systems. This task covers the commonly needed packages on Debian and Ubuntu hosts; extend it with any compiler or development libraries required by the Rubies your application builds.

- name: Install RVM prerequisites on Debian-family hosts
  ansible.builtin.apt:
    name:
      - bash
      - curl
      - gnupg2
      - ca-certificates
      - git
    update_cache: true
    state: present

The role’s stated target is Linux or Unix systems supported by Ansible that satisfy RVM’s prerequisites. Its active testing has included Debian, Ubuntu and Red Hat families, while the explicit CI list in the README is older (CentOS 6–8, Debian 8–10 and Ubuntu 14.04–20.04). Check the exact role revision against your current distribution before a production rollout rather than assuming an old CI list proves support for a newer release.

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Keep installer verification enabled

RVM’s installation procedure requires importing its signing keys before running the installer. The role exposes GPG-key verification through rvm1_gpg_keys; leave that verification enabled unless you have a documented operational reason to change it. A key value used in the example below is 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3.

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Install the official Ansible role

Install the role on the Ansible control node:

ansible-galaxy install rvm.ruby

For production, manage the role through your normal dependency file and pin the revision that you have tested. The role’s defaults and compatibility can change between revisions, so review its current README and variables whenever you update that pin. Avoid replacing the role with an ad-hoc shell call to the installer: a role gives you variable-driven Ruby selection, repeatable convergence and a documented removal workflow.

Per-user playbook: install RVM for a deploy account

This play installs RVM and Ruby 3.2.2 for the deploy user. The role expects Ruby names in its ruby-X.Y.Z form. The last item in rvm1_rubies becomes the default Ruby.

---
- name: Install RVM and Ruby for the deploy user
  hosts: ruby_hosts
  become: true
  vars:
    rvm1_user: deploy
    rvm1_install_path: /home/deploy/.rvm
    rvm1_install_flags: "--auto-dotfiles --user-install"
    rvm1_rubies:
      - ruby-3.2.2
    rvm1_bundler_install: true
    rvm1_rvm_version: stable
    rvm1_gpg_keys: "409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3"
  roles:
    - rvm.ruby

What the important variables do

  • rvm1_user identifies the account whose home directory receives the installation.
  • rvm1_install_path keeps the RVM tree in that account’s home directory.
  • rvm1_install_flags enables automatic dot-file setup and the user-install mode.
  • rvm1_rubies is the managed Ruby list; use the exact ruby-X.Y.Z naming convention accepted by the role.
  • rvm1_bundler_install: true asks the role to install Bundler for the managed Ruby.
  • rvm1_rvm_version: stable selects RVM’s stable channel.
  • rvm1_gpg_keys supplies the signing key used for verification.

Run this play against hosts in the ruby_hosts inventory group. The role should be allowed to create or update the account’s initialization files; do not overwrite those files later with a generic shell-management task that removes the RVM setup.

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System-wide playbook: share RVM between users

For a shared installation, use an administrator-owned path, remove --user-install, and execute the role with privilege escalation.

---
- name: Install shared RVM and Ruby
  hosts: ruby_hosts
  become: true
  vars:
    rvm1_user: root
    rvm1_install_path: /usr/local/rvm
    rvm1_install_flags: "--auto-dotfiles"
    rvm1_rubies:
      - ruby-3.2.2
      - ruby-3.3.1
    rvm1_bundler_install: true
  roles:
    - rvm.ruby

Both versions are managed by the role, and ruby-3.3.1 is the default because it is listed last. Shared mode does not make every user’s non-interactive Ansible shell inherit RVM automatically; each task still needs to source the shared initialization script and run as a user permitted to use the shared tree.

Run and verify the play

  1. Put the selected play in your project, install the role on the control node, and confirm that the target inventory group resolves to the intended hosts.
  2. Apply the prerequisite package task before the role on distributions that do not already provide Bash, curl, GPG tooling and Git.
  3. Run the play with your normal inventory and vault or SSH options, for example ansible-playbook -i inventory site.yml.
  4. After convergence, verify RVM from the same account and shell context that your application will use. A successful check reports that rvm is a function and prints the selected Ruby version.

Ansible tasks do not share a persistent interactive shell. A successful role run therefore does not guarantee that a later task can call ruby without initialization.

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Make RVM available to later Ansible tasks

RVM is loaded by shell code and defines rvm as a Bash function. Ansible’s default shell may be /bin/sh, and each task starts a fresh process. Source the appropriate script and set Bash explicitly every time a task invokes RVM or a Ruby tool.

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Per-user application task

- name: Install application gems with the selected Ruby
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    source /home/deploy/.rvm/scripts/rvm
    rvm use ruby-3.2.2 --default
    gem install bundler
    bundle install --deployment
  args:
    executable: /bin/bash
  become: true
  become_user: deploy

If the role created a profile file instead, source that file; the script under the user’s .rvm directory is the direct per-user path shown above. Keeping become_user: deploy aligned with the sourced path prevents root’s environment from being mixed with the deploy account’s RVM tree.

System-wide application task

- name: Install application gems from shared RVM
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
    rvm use ruby-3.3.1 --default
    bundle install --deployment
  args:
    executable: /bin/bash
  become: true
  become_user: deploy

Use the version that your application is intended to run. rvm use VERSION --default changes the default for the current RVM user context; it does not remove other installed Rubies.

Verification task

- name: Verify RVM is loaded
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    source /home/deploy/.rvm/scripts/rvm
    type rvm
    ruby --version
  args:
    executable: /bin/bash
  become: true
  become_user: deploy
  changed_when: false

For a shared installation, replace the sourced path with /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh. Marking the check unchanged keeps it from appearing as a modification on every run.

Add, change or remove Ruby versions safely

Add or change a version

Extend rvm1_rubies with the required ruby-X.Y.Z value and run the play again. If the new value is last in the list, the role makes it the default. Applications that must remain on the old Ruby should select their version explicitly in their shell task rather than relying on list order.

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Remove an old version

The role supports removal through rvm1_delete_ruby. A safe sequence is:

  1. Add the replacement Ruby to rvm1_rubies and converge the host.
  2. Run the application role or deployment tasks so the bundle and native gems are rebuilt under the replacement Ruby.
  3. Exercise the application and confirm that services, scheduled jobs and deployment commands use the new interpreter.
  4. Pass rvm1_delete_ruby with the old value, such as ruby-2.1.0, and run the play again.

Do not delete the old interpreter first: an existing bundle or service may still reference it.

Role-managed installation versus a raw installer command

Approach Repeatability Upgrades and removal Auditability
rvm.ruby role Variables describe users, paths, flags and Ruby versions; repeated runs converge toward that state Extend rvm1_rubies or use rvm1_delete_ruby in the documented sequence Playbook changes and dependency revisions show what was intended
Raw get.rvm.io shell command Installer behavior and host state are harder to model in Ansible Version management must be added with separate shell logic Commands, key handling and drift are more difficult to review consistently

A raw installer can be useful for a one-off diagnostic host, but the role is the better fit when the installation is part of a repeatable server build.

Troubleshoot common failures

rvm: command not found or rvm: not found

  • Set args.executable: /bin/bash; RVM relies on Bash behavior that plain sh does not provide.
  • Source the correct file at the beginning of the same task. A previous task’s source command cannot modify the next task’s process.
  • Check the account: a per-user script under /home/deploy will not initialize root’s RVM installation.

GPG or installer verification errors

  • Confirm that gnupg2, certificates and network access are available.
  • Verify that the configured key is the intended RVM signing key and keep verification enabled.
  • Do not bypass signature checks merely to make a build pass; resolve the key or trust-store problem and record any exceptional decision.

Permission denied in a shared installation

  • Check that the role is using rvm1_user: root and an administrator-owned shared path.
  • Run later commands as the intended application account after sourcing /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh.
  • Do not combine a user’s private .rvm path with the system-wide profile.

Ruby compilation fails

  • Install the compiler and development libraries required by the target distribution and Ruby version; the basic prerequisite task supplies only the common RVM tooling.
  • Install Git when the selected Ruby build path needs source retrieval.
  • Read the role revision’s current platform notes before attributing a build error to Ansible.

The wrong Ruby is selected

  • Remember that the last entry in rvm1_rubies becomes the role-managed default.
  • Use rvm use ruby-X.Y.Z --default in the correct account context when a task must select a particular version.
  • Print ruby --version after sourcing RVM so the task log proves which interpreter ran.

The role works on one distribution but not another

RVM’s compatibility is tied to both the operating system and the role revision. Compare your exact distribution and revision with the role’s current support information, then test in a staging host before changing production. The older CI entries are useful historical context, not a guarantee for every current release.

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Production checklist

  • Select per-user or system-wide mode before setting paths and ownership.
  • Install Bash, curl, GPG tooling, certificates, GNU utilities and Git where required.
  • Install rvm.ruby through Ansible Galaxy and pin a tested role revision for production.
  • Use exact ruby-X.Y.Z names in rvm1_rubies; remember that the final item becomes default.
  • Keep GPG verification active and provide the required signing key.
  • Use /bin/bash and source the per-user or system-wide RVM script in every non-interactive task that calls Ruby tooling.
  • Run application deployment and gem rebuilding before removing an old Ruby with rvm1_delete_ruby.
  • Validate the role revision against the target operating system before production rollout.

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