The Tool Desk
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Understand the three settings that control capture quality
“Resolution” can mean different things in Cypress. Keep these controls separate when diagnosing a soft or incorrectly sized artifact:
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| Control | What it changes | What it does not do |
|---|---|---|
| Headless browser display size | The screen dimensions available to a headless browser. Cypress’s Chromium launch example sets this to 1400 × 1200. | It does not set Cypress’s configured application viewport dimensions. |
| CSS viewport | The dimensions the app lays out against, set through viewportWidth, viewportHeight, or cy.viewport(). |
Cypress explicitly says cy.viewport() does not simulate devicePixelRatio. A larger CSS viewport alone is not a retina screenshot. |
| Device scale factor | On the documented Chromium headless setup, --force-device-scale-factor=2 is Cypress’s example of a retina-style capture. |
Behavior can vary by browser, Cypress release, operating system, and page; the documented pixel dimensions are examples, not universal guarantees. |
| Video compression | Controls the video quality/file-size trade-off and adds encoding work when enabled. | It does not change screenshot dimensions. |
Cypress’s official browser launch API illustrates a 1400 × 1200 headless Chromium display and says a full-page screenshot can be 1400 × 1200 at scale factor 1 or 2800 × 2400 at scale factor 2 in that setup. Treat those figures as documented examples, not output guaranteed for every machine.
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Configure a higher-resolution headless screenshot
Set the headless browser’s launch arguments from setupNodeEvents in the relevant Cypress E2E or component configuration. The official Chromium pattern is:
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setupNodeEvents(on, config) {
on('before:browser:launch', (browser, launchOptions) => {
if (browser.name === 'chrome' && browser.isHeadless) {
launchOptions.args.push('--window-size=1400,1200')
launchOptions.args.push('--force-device-scale-factor=2')
}
return launchOptions
})
}For example, place the function inside the relevant configuration’s e2e or component section:
const { defineConfig } = require('cypress')
module.exports = defineConfig({
e2e: {
setupNodeEvents(on, config) {
on('before:browser:launch', (browser, launchOptions) => {
if (browser.name === 'chrome' && browser.isHeadless) {
launchOptions.args.push('--window-size=1400,1200')
launchOptions.args.push('--force-device-scale-factor=2')
}
return launchOptions
})
}
}
})The full configuration shown here follows Cypress’s documented CommonJS style; if your project uses a different configuration format, add the same event handler to its existing setupNodeEvents. The condition limits these Chromium-specific arguments to headless Chrome. Other browser families have different launch options, so do not assume the same flags apply to them.
Set the app’s CSS viewport separately
Use the Cypress config’s viewportWidth and viewportHeight for a consistent default layout, or set dimensions for an individual test with cy.viewport(width, height):
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// In a test, choose the app layout explicitly:
cy.viewport(1280, 900)
cy.visit('/')Cypress documents a default viewport of 1000 × 660 CSS pixels. Choose dimensions for the responsive layout you intend to test; use the browser display and scale-factor settings separately when you need more output pixels. See the official viewport API for the distinction: devicePixelRatio is not simulated by cy.viewport().
Choose the screenshot capture mode
Call cy.screenshot() for a deliberate screenshot. Its capture option selects the region; its scale option controls whether the app is scaled to fit the browser viewport.
| Capture value | What it captures | Relevant behavior |
|---|---|---|
viewport |
The current application viewport. | Useful for a fixed-screen layout comparison. |
fullPage |
The full application page. | This is the screenshot API default. The browser setup and page can affect resulting pixel dimensions. |
runner |
The Cypress runner UI. | Automatic failure screenshots during cypress run use runner capture; scale is coerced to true for runner captures. |
Example of an intentional full-page capture:
cy.screenshot('account-page', {
capture: 'fullPage',
scale: false
})During cypress run, Cypress captures a screenshot on test failure by default and coerces the capture to runner. Set screenshotOnRunFailure: false in Cypress configuration to disable automatic failure screenshots. Check the current screenshot API for option details and version-specific behavior.
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Record videos and tune compression
Video recording is disabled by default. Enable it in Cypress configuration with video: true; Cypress records per-spec videos during cypress run, not cypress open. Videos are saved in cypress/videos by default.
const { defineConfig } = require('cypress')
module.exports = defineConfig({
video: true,
videoCompression: 20
})videoCompression is disabled by default. Setting it to true uses CRF 32; Cypress documents a CRF range of 1–51. Lower CRF means higher quality and larger files. Compression also uses processing time, and recorded Cypress Cloud runs can incur an interval while video is encoded and uploaded.
- Choose a lower CRF when image detail matters more than storage or processing time.
- Choose a higher CRF when smaller files matter more than preserving fine detail.
- Compare captures from the same browser and environment; the result depends on actual page content and runtime, not CRF alone.
When video and compression are both enabled, Cypress can embed chapters for attempts in a spec in the MP4. Cypress documentation notes player support including VLC, QuickTime, and IINA. Cypress Cloud instead lists tests alongside a run video and lets a viewer jump to the corresponding point. See the official screenshots and videos guide and configuration reference.
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Keep artifacts deterministic and recover from common problems
Make visual comparisons repeatable
- Select the browser explicitly and keep its version and execution environment consistent.
- Fix the CSS viewport for the layout under test, then configure headless display dimensions and scale factor independently.
- Generate and compare captures in the same environment. Cypress’s visual testing guidance recommends a fixed viewport and same-environment comparisons.
Know where files go and when they are cleared
Cypress clears screenshot and video artifact folders before cypress run by default, including files in nested subfolders. Set trashAssetsBeforeRuns: false if prior artifacts must remain. Change the destinations with screenshotsFolder and videosFolder. For Cloud-recorded runs, videos are processed and uploaded after each spec unless handled according to the documented workflow.
Troubleshoot the usual mismatches
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| The screenshot has the requested layout but not more pixels. | Only the CSS viewport was increased. | Keep cy.viewport() for layout; configure the headless browser display and, on the documented Chromium setup, device scale factor for output resolution. |
| The app appears at an unexpected responsive breakpoint. | The CSS viewport was confused with the headless display dimensions. | Set viewportWidth/viewportHeight or call cy.viewport() explicitly, and verify separately which browser is launched headlessly. |
| The screenshot includes Cypress controls instead of just the page. | An automatic run-failure screenshot is a runner capture. | Use explicit cy.screenshot() with capture: 'viewport' or 'fullPage' for page content, or disable automatic failure captures with screenshotOnRunFailure: false. |
| No video appears. | Video is off by default, or the run used cypress open. |
Set video: true, run with cypress run, and inspect the configured videosFolder. |
| Video files are unexpectedly large or runs take longer. | Compression is disabled or the chosen CRF/encoding trade-off does not fit the workflow. | Enable videoCompression and choose a CRF based on acceptable quality, file size, and processing time. |
| Artifacts from an earlier run disappeared. | Cypress cleared artifact folders before the run. | Set trashAssetsBeforeRuns: false when retaining previous files is required. |
Or skip the browser setup
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FAQ
Can cy.viewport() create a 2× retina screenshot?
No. It changes the app’s CSS viewport, but Cypress says it does not simulate devicePixelRatio. Set the headless browser’s device scale factor separately where supported.
Does Cypress record video in interactive mode?
No. Cypress records video per spec during cypress run when video is enabled; it does not record in cypress open.
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