For a normal webpage, embed a PNG with an <img> element whose src points to the image file: <img src="images/example.png" alt="A concise description of the image">. The path must resolve to a PNG that your site serves. If the PNG bytes must travel inside the HTML itself, use a data:image/png;base64, URL instead.
The standard way: reference a PNG file
The WHATWG HTML Standard says that when there is one image resource, use the img element and its src attribute. An img element is a void element, so it does not have a closing tag.
<img src="images/example.png" alt="A concise description of the image">Here, images/example.png is the image URL. A relative URL is resolved from the location of the HTML document, while an absolute URL names the complete address of the resource.
A complete working page
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>PNG example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Product illustration</h1>
<img src="images/product.png" alt="Blue product package on a white background">
</body>
</html>Put product.png in an images directory alongside the page in this example. If the page is at /docs/tutorial.html and the image is at /docs/images/product.png, images/product.png is the appropriate relative path. If the image is one directory above the page, use a path such as ../images/product.png.
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Use an absolute URL when the image is hosted elsewhere
<img src="https://example.com/assets/product.png" alt="Blue product package on a white background">Only use an absolute URL when that host is intended to serve the image to your page. The URL still has to resolve to an accessible resource; changing the extension in the markup does not create or move a file.
Make the image accessible
The alt attribute is the text replacement for the image. Write what the image means in the context of the page, not merely its filename. The MDN <img> reference recommends concise alternative text and explains that alt="" is appropriate for a purely decorative image.
Meaningful image
<img src="images/chart.png" alt="Quarterly revenue rises from January through June">A screen-reader user should receive the same useful information that the image contributes visually. If the surrounding text already conveys the complete information and the PNG adds no meaning, use an empty value:
<img src="images/ornament.png" alt="">Do not use the filename as a substitute for a description, and do not use title in place of alt.
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Reserve space with dimensions
If the intrinsic dimensions are known, add width and height. These attributes let the browser reserve the image’s layout space while the resource loads.
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<img src="images/product.png"
width="1200"
height="800"
alt="Blue product package on a white background">Use the image’s real dimensions rather than values chosen only to make it look smaller. CSS can control the displayed size while the attributes preserve the intended proportions.
Offer alternate files with srcset and sizes
When you have PNG files prepared for different rendered widths or pixel densities, srcset lets the browser choose among them. sizes describes the width the image will occupy in the layout.
<img
src="images/photo-800.png"
srcset="images/photo-480.png 480w,
images/photo-800.png 800w,
images/photo-1600.png 1600w"
sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 800px"
width="800"
height="533"
alt="Mountain trail beside a lake">The ordinary src remains the fallback. These attributes are refinements, not requirements for displaying one PNG.
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Use <picture> for art direction
Use a picture element when different crops or source selections are needed at different conditions. Keep an inner img as the fallback.
<picture>
<source media="(max-width: 600px)" srcset="images/product-mobile.png">
<img src="images/product-wide.png" alt="Blue product package on a white background">
</picture>Inline the PNG with a base64 data URL
If the requirement is to place the image bytes inside the markup rather than refer to a separate file, put a data URL in src:
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<img
src="data:image/png;base64,BASE64_ENCODED_IMAGE_DATA"
alt="A concise description of the image">Replace BASE64_ENCODED_IMAGE_DATA with the actual base64 representation of the PNG. The general syntax documented by MDN’s data-URL reference is data:[<media-type>][;base64],<data>. In this case, image/png identifies the media type and ;base64 tells the browser how to decode the following characters.
When inline data is useful
- A self-contained HTML document must carry its small image without a separate file.
- An asset is generated or assembled together with the markup.
- You need the source representation to travel as one document.
For a typical website, a normal file URL is easier to maintain, reuse and update. Base64 text makes the HTML larger and harder to read. It is an alternative representation of the same image bytes, not a way to avoid supplying those bytes.
Data-URL origin behavior
Modern browsers treat data URLs as unique opaque origins. That matters if code or other resources make assumptions about origin and security behavior; an inline image should not be treated as though it came from the page’s normal site origin.
Choose between a file URL and inline data
| Consideration | Separate PNG file | Base64 data URL |
|---|---|---|
| Markup | Short, readable src path |
Long encoded string inside the HTML |
| Maintenance | Easy to replace or update the image independently | Changing the image requires changing the document’s encoded data |
| Reuse | The same URL can be referenced by multiple pages | The encoded content is repeated wherever it is embedded |
| Portability | Requires the referenced file to travel with or remain available to the page | Can make a document self-contained |
| Accessibility | Still requires an appropriate alt value |
Still requires an appropriate alt value |
Use the separate-file approach by default. Select a data URL when self-containment outweighs the cost of bulky, less maintainable markup.
Or skip the browser setup
If the PNG you need is a screenshot of a webpage, ScreenshotNeo can return a screenshot from one GET request. It is a website screenshot API and MCP server; it can return PNG, JPEG, WebP or PDF. The API accepts options for full-page capture, lazy-loaded images, CSS selectors, custom CSS and JavaScript, waits, headers, cookies, user agents, blocking requests, resizing and more. Cookie or consent banners, newsletter popups and chat widgets are removed before capture. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads and cache hits are not billed, and response headers identify the page verdict and billing result.
See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for the current parameters. The following examples use the supplied endpoint and save the returned bytes locally.
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cURL
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpPython
import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)Node.js
const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://stripe.com' });
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Troubleshoot a PNG that does not appear
Broken-image icon or empty space
- Check the path relative to the HTML file, not relative to the project root you have in mind.
- Check capitalization. A path that differs from the served filename can fail on case-sensitive systems.
- Open the image URL directly in the browser. If it does not load there, the HTML reference cannot load it either.
- Confirm the PNG is included in the directory or deployment output that is actually being served.
The page works locally but not after deployment
Inspect the deployed page’s final URL and recalculate the relative path from that location. A page moved from a project root into a nested route may need ../ segments or a different absolute path. Also verify that the deployed filename and directory match the reference exactly.
The inline image is not displayed
- Make sure the prefix is exactly
data:image/png;base64,. - Do not leave the placeholder text in place; it must be replaced by the actual encoded bytes.
- Ensure the data follows the comma and that surrounding quotation marks are balanced.
- If the HTML has become unwieldy, move the PNG back to a normal file URL.
The image has no useful text for assistive technology
Rewrite alt as a concise description of the image’s relevant meaning. If it is decorative, use alt=""; do not omit the attribute or replace it with title.
Practical checklist before publishing
- Confirm that
srcresolves to the intended PNG URL. - Choose a relative path for a file shipped with the site or an absolute URL for a deliberately external resource.
- Write meaningful
alttext, or use an empty value for decoration. - Add intrinsic
widthandheightwhen known. - Use
srcset,sizesorpictureonly when you have a real responsive-image requirement. - Use a data URL only when self-containment justifies larger, less maintainable HTML.
- Test the final deployed URL, not only a source-tree preview.
Frequently asked questions
Is a data URL another image format?
No. It is another way to represent the PNG resource in the src attribute. The media type remains image/png; the data URL specifies how the bytes are written in the document.
Can one PNG be used by several pages?
Yes. A normal file URL can be referenced by every page that can resolve or access that URL. An inline data URL must be repeated in each document that needs its own embedded copy.
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Do responsive-image attributes replace src?
No. Keep a usable src fallback even when you add srcset, sizes or a picture element.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a data URL another image format?
No. It is an alternate representation of PNG bytes in the src attribute; image/png remains the media type.
Can one PNG be used by several pages?
Yes. A normal file URL can be referenced wherever that URL is accessible, while an inline data URL must be repeated in each document.
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No. Keep a usable src fallback when using srcset, sizes or picture.
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