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How to Create a TestNG XML File for Parallel Testing

Configure TestNG parallel execution in testng.xml by choosing the right scheduling mode, setting a thread limit and checking data-provider controls.

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Create a testng.xml suite, set a parallel mode on the <suite> element, and specify thread-count. The mode determines which tests can run at the same time; choose it according to how much state your tests share.

Build the suite XML

TestNG uses a suite XML file to group tests. Put one or more <test> elements inside the root <suite>. Each test can select classes by fully qualified class name or select a package. Classes named in the XML should contain TestNG annotations. See the TestNG project documentation for suite structure and execution settings.

<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="ParallelSuite" parallel="tests" thread-count="4">
  <test name="Regression">
    <classes>
      <class name="com.example.tests.LoginTest"/>
      <class name="com.example.tests.CheckoutTest"/>
    </classes>
  </test>
</suite>

Save it as testng.xml in the location your build tool, IDE, or CI configuration expects. Replace the example class names with classes available on the test runtime classpath. This example selects parallel="tests", but contains only one <test> block; to schedule multiple test groups against one another in this mode, define additional <test> elements.

Choose the parallel mode

The mode is the unit TestNG schedules concurrently. The documented behavior of the main modes is described in the TestNG documentation.

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Mode What can run concurrently What stays together When it may fit
methods Test methods Dependency ordering is respected; methods in a class are not guaranteed to share one thread. Methods are independent and their fixtures and data are safe to use concurrently.
tests Separate <test> blocks Methods within one <test> run in one thread. You want to group classes that should remain on the same thread while running separate groups concurrently.
classes Separate classes Methods of the same class stay in one thread. Classes can run independently, while each class should execute on one thread.
instances Instances, according to the selected TestNG version and use case Do not assume behavior beyond the version-specific documentation. Use only after checking the exact instance behavior for your TestNG version.

Prefer the narrowest mode that meets the runtime goal. Concurrent work can expose unsafe shared mutable state, browser sessions, fixtures, or external test data. TestNG’s scheduling mode does not itself make those resources independent.

Set the thread limit

With a parallel mode selected, thread-count sets the maximum number of threads used for tests. It does not enable parallel execution on its own: specify both the mode and the limit in the suite.

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<suite name="ParallelSuite" parallel="classes" thread-count="3">

The command-line option -threadcount sets a default maximum and can be overridden by the suite definition. Treat the configured count as a ceiling, not a promise that every thread will always be busy; available independent work and resource limits affect actual concurrency.

Run data-provider invocations in parallel

Data-provider parallelism has its own control. Mark the provider with @DataProvider(parallel = true) to run its invocations in parallel. TestNG documents a default pool size of 10 for each parallel data provider running from an XML file; this is a configuration default, not a performance result. The pool can be changed with data-provider-thread-count. Check the TestNG documentation for the applicable suite settings.

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Starting with TestNG 7.9.0, share-thread-pool-for-data-providers and use-global-thread-pool provide suite-level shared-pool controls. The TestNG parameters documentation says to use testng-1.1.dtd for IDE completion of these settings. Confirm the project’s TestNG version before adding these attributes or changing the suite DTD; projects on earlier versions should not assume they are supported.

Run the suite

When TestNG is on the classpath, the documented command-line invocation is:

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java org.testng.TestNG testng.xml

A build tool, IDE, or CI job may supply its own classpath and suite invocation. Use the project’s existing test configuration if it does, and ensure the XML file is included in that invocation.

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Troubleshoot common problems

  • Nothing runs concurrently: Check that parallel is set on <suite>. A thread-count without a parallel mode does not select parallel execution. For parallel="tests", also check that the suite has multiple <test> blocks.
  • TestNG cannot find a class: Verify the fully qualified name, spelling and package, then confirm the class is on the runtime classpath and contains TestNG annotations.
  • Parallel tests interfere with each other: Look for shared mutable fields, common browser sessions, fixtures, files, or external records. Isolate those resources or choose a mode that keeps the relevant work together.
  • A data provider does not run in parallel: Confirm it uses @DataProvider(parallel = true); suite-level parallel mode and data-provider parallelism are separate controls.
  • A newer pool attribute is rejected or lacks IDE completion: Confirm TestNG is version 7.9.0 or newer for the shared-pool controls and use the documented testng-1.1.dtd when IDE completion for them is needed.
  • The command does not launch the suite: Confirm TestNG is on the classpath and that testng.xml is at the path passed to the command. If a build tool or IDE runs the tests, configure the suite there instead.

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