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Configure collectd with read plugins for CPU, load, memory, filesystems, disks and network interfaces, then send the collected values through the write_graphite plugin to Carbon on Graphite’s line-receiver port. A reliable setup has three parts: a stable collection interval and hostname, the read-plugin configuration, and a tested Graphite output node. Validate the file with collectd’s built-in test modes before starting the daemon, then verify both Carbon connectivity and the resulting series names in Graphite.
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How collectd and Graphite fit together
collectd is a daemon whose configuration file loads plugins. Read plugins obtain measurements from the operating system; write plugins store or transmit those measurements. In this design, CPU, load, memory, filesystem, disk and interface plugins read local values, while write_graphite converts them to Graphite’s line protocol and sends them to Carbon.
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Graphite does not receive data directly from the collectd read plugins. Carbon must be listening on the host and port configured in the write_graphite node. The documented default Carbon port for this plugin is TCP or UDP port 2003, but the listener and the collectd settings must use the same protocol and port.
Plan the configuration before editing the file
Choose the collection interval
Interval 10 requests a collection cycle every 10 seconds. A shorter interval gives dashboards more frequent points but creates more samples and more work for both collectd and Graphite. A longer interval reduces traffic while making short-lived changes less visible. Use one interval consistently with the retention and dashboard assumptions already used in your Graphite deployment.
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Set a stable hostname
Hostname "app01" identifies the source in the emitted metric namespace. Use the name that your dashboards and alert rules already expect. Do not casually change it after data is established: a different hostname generally produces a different set of series, leaving the original history under the old name.
Decide how filesystem and device values should appear
The df plugin can report filesystem usage as percentages and can either distinguish devices or aggregate them. The example below uses ValuesPercentage true and ReportByDevice false. That is a practical host-level view, but it is not the only valid choice. If you need per-device capacity visibility, change the device-reporting option deliberately and test the resulting names before production rollout.
Minimal collectd configuration for Graphite
Place the following directives in the collectd configuration file used by your package. The path is commonly /etc/collectd/collectd.conf, but package layouts differ, so use the path supplied by your operating system.
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Interval 10
Hostname "app01"
LoadPlugin cpu
LoadPlugin load
LoadPlugin memory
LoadPlugin df
LoadPlugin disk
LoadPlugin interface
LoadPlugin write_graphite
<Plugin df>
ValuesPercentage true
ReportByDevice false
</Plugin>
<Plugin write_graphite>
<Node "graphite">
Host "graphite.example.org"
Port "2003"
Protocol "tcp"
Prefix "collectd"
LogSendErrors true
</Node>
</Plugin>The plugin names and the write_graphite node syntax follow collectd’s configuration reference. Your distribution may split plugins into separate packages or use a different include directory. Confirm that every named plugin is installed and that the daemon actually reads the file you edit.
What each directive does
Global collection settings
Interval 10: schedules read callbacks at 10-second intervals.Hostname "app01": supplies the source hostname used in metric naming.
Read plugins
| Plugin | Metric class | What it is useful for |
|---|---|---|
cpu |
CPU state counters | Shows time spent in CPU states and helps identify saturation or unusual system activity. |
load |
System load | Provides the host load values used for workload and contention checks. |
memory |
Memory statistics | Tracks memory usage so dashboards can show pressure and consumption trends. |
df |
Filesystem space | Reports filesystem usage; the example requests percentage values. |
disk |
Disk I/O | Collects block-device I/O measurements for storage troubleshooting. |
interface |
Network-interface traffic | Collects traffic counters for host network interfaces. |
These are the core host metrics commonly used with Graphite. Add other read plugins only when they answer a defined monitoring question and are available in your collectd package. Possible additions include swap, process, sensor or application-specific collectors, but each extra plugin increases the number of series and the operational surface of the configuration.
The df block
ValuesPercentage true: asks the plugin to emit filesystem values as percentages rather than only absolute blocks.ReportByDevice false: avoids splitting the report by individual device in this example. Set it according to whether your dashboards need device-level detail.
The write_graphite block
<Node "graphite">: names one output destination inside collectd. The label is local to the configuration.Host: identifies the Carbon server. It must resolve from the collectd host.Port "2003": selects the documented Graphite line-receiver port. Keep it aligned with Carbon’s listener.Protocol "tcp": chooses TCP transport. The plugin also supports UDP, but the receiver must be configured for the same protocol.Prefix "collectd": adds a stable namespace before the host and plugin-derived portions of the metric path.LogSendErrors true: requests logging when sending fails, which makes connection and transmission problems easier to diagnose.
Choose TCP or UDP deliberately
| Decision point | TCP | UDP |
|---|---|---|
| Configuration value | Protocol "tcp" |
Protocol "udp" |
| Receiver requirement | Carbon must accept TCP on the selected port. | Carbon must accept UDP on the selected port. |
| Failure investigation | Check DNS, connection refusal, network reachability and writer queues. | Check DNS, reachability, listener protocol and packet loss; an accepted send does not prove durable ingestion. |
| When changing later | Treat the change as an infrastructure migration. Test it with a non-production namespace and confirm that Carbon is listening before switching hosts. | |
The plugin’s transport choice does not change how collectd gathers values, but it does change how delivery failures present themselves. Whatever protocol you select, verify the listener and inspect collectd logs after the change.
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Understand Graphite metric names before dashboards depend on them
Graphite stores hierarchical paths unless you enable its tag syntax. collectd’s output options determine how the host, plugin, type and instance portions are assembled. The Prefix option provides a predictable top-level namespace; options such as hostname escaping, instance separators and ReverseHost can alter the remaining path. SeparateInstances also affects how plugin instances are represented.
With UseTags true, the plugin emits tagged series instead of relying solely on dotted hierarchy. Tags require a Graphite version and ingestion path that support them. Do not enable tag mode merely because it is available: first confirm that your Carbon and Graphite components, dashboards and alert queries understand tagged metrics.
Changing Prefix, hostname escaping, separators, instance handling or tag mode after ingestion has begun normally creates a second naming scheme rather than renaming historical data. Existing dashboards then continue to point at the old paths while new data appears elsewhere. Emit one sample in a test namespace, inspect its exact name, and update dashboards and retention plans before adopting a new scheme.
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Configure collectd step by step
- Identify the active configuration path. Check the service definition or package documentation to determine which collectd configuration file is actually loaded. Do not assume that an unused example file controls the running daemon.
- Confirm plugin availability. Ensure the package includes
cpu,load,memory,df,disk,interfaceandwrite_graphite. If a plugin is delivered separately, install the matching package supplied for your operating system. - Add the global settings. Set the interval and a stable hostname that match your existing monitoring convention.
- Load the read plugins. Add one
LoadPluginline for each metric class you need. Start with the six host plugins shown above rather than enabling every available collector. - Configure filesystem reporting. Add the
dfblock, then decide whether aggregate or per-device reporting is appropriate. - Load and configure the writer. Add
LoadPlugin write_graphite, create aNode, set the Carbon host, use the port on which Carbon listens, select the matching protocol and choose your namespace prefix. - Parse-test the file. Run
collectd -t -C /etc/collectd/collectd.conf, replacing the path with the active configuration path. This checks whether collectd can parse the file without starting normal collection. - Exercise read callbacks. Run
collectd -T -C /etc/collectd/collectd.conf. The test mode invokes read callbacks once, helping distinguish a missing or nonfunctional read plugin from a Graphite transport problem. - Start or reload the service. Use the service manager appropriate to the operating system. After a reload, confirm that the daemon accepted the configuration and remains running.
- Verify the complete path. Check collectd logs, confirm that the configured host resolves, verify that Carbon is listening on the selected port and inspect Graphite for new series beneath the chosen prefix and hostname.
Validate ingestion at each layer
1. Configuration parsing
A failed -t test points to syntax, an invalid option, a missing plugin or an incorrect include path. Fix parsing errors before investigating networking; no writer can send data from a configuration that collectd cannot load.
2. Read callbacks
If collectd -T reports that a callback cannot run, inspect the corresponding plugin installation and permissions. For example, missing disk or interface metrics can result from a plugin package that was not installed even though the configuration line is present.
3. Writer and network
After the daemon starts, inspect logs for DNS failures, connection refusals, authentication errors and write-queue messages. Confirm that the Carbon hostname resolves from the collectd machine and that firewalls and routing permit the selected protocol and port.
4. Graphite series
Search Graphite beneath the configured Prefix and hostname. If Carbon is reachable but the expected paths are absent, compare the actual emitted name with the dashboard’s expected path. Prefix, hostname escaping, reverse-host ordering, instance separators and tag mode are the first settings to inspect.
Troubleshoot the common failure modes
No data appears anywhere
- Verify that
write_graphiteis loaded, not merely configured. - Check that the
Hostvalue resolves from the collectd server. - Confirm that Carbon is reachable on port
2003or on the explicitly selected port. - Ensure the protocol in collectd matches the Carbon listener: TCP is not interchangeable with UDP.
- Run both collectd test modes and review daemon logs for send errors.
Only some metric classes are missing
- Check that the relevant read plugin is installed and loaded.
- Use
collectd -Tto invoke callbacks and identify a plugin-specific error. - Review filesystem and device settings in the
dfblock if capacity series are not shaped as expected.
Data exists under unexpected paths
- Inspect the configured
PrefixandHostname. - Review hostname escaping and
ReverseHostbehavior. - Check
SeparateInstancesand instance separators. - Determine whether
UseTagsis enabled and whether your Graphite version displays tagged series as intended. - Capture and inspect one emitted line, then compare it with the exact path used by dashboards and alerts.
The writer backlog grows or values are dropped
A slow writer can cause collectd’s write queue to grow indefinitely by default. Investigate Carbon latency, network congestion and receiver health. collectd provides write-queue high and low limits; set limits appropriate to the host’s role, especially on servers where unbounded memory growth is unacceptable. Queue limits are a protection mechanism, not a substitute for fixing a persistently slow Carbon path.
Keep the deployment maintainable
Change one naming variable at a time
Prefix, hostname, separators and tag mode are part of your data model. Change one at a time in a test namespace, inspect the resulting series, and update dashboards before rolling out the change broadly. This avoids silently creating parallel histories that look like missing data.
Separate collection questions from plugin availability
Enable a plugin because someone needs its data, not because it is present in the package. CPU state, load, memory, filesystem usage, disk I/O and interface traffic cover the most common host questions. Add swap, processes, sensors or application collectors when you can name the dashboard, alert or investigation that will consume them.
Make failures observable
Keep LogSendErrors true while bringing up the integration and during troubleshooting. Monitor the collectd process itself, its logs and the writer queue as well as the Graphite series. A host can continue running normally while silently accumulating unsent values if the Carbon path is unhealthy.
Configuration choices at a glance
| Area | Starting choice | Change it when | Risk of an unplanned change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interval | 10 seconds | Dashboard resolution or storage budget requires another cadence. | Different sampling density and altered alert behavior. |
| Hostname | app01 |
The monitored identity or naming convention changes intentionally. | New series path; old history remains under the former name. |
| Filesystem values | Percentages, not by device | Capacity calculations or device-level troubleshooting needs more detail. | Different series dimensions and dashboard queries. |
| Transport | TCP | Infrastructure standards require UDP or a different listener. | No ingestion when protocol and listener disagree. |
| Namespace | collectd prefix |
Your organization has a documented hierarchy or migration plan. | Parallel paths and broken dashboard references. |
| Tagging | Hierarchical paths | Your Graphite version and query tools fully support tags. | Queries and dashboards may not find tagged series. |
A practical completion checklist
- The active collectd configuration path is known.
- All required read and write plugins are installed and loaded.
- The interval and hostname match the monitoring design.
- Carbon’s host resolves and its listener uses the configured port and protocol.
collectd -tparses the file successfully.collectd -Tinvokes the read callbacks successfully.- The daemon starts or reloads without configuration errors.
- Logs show no DNS, connection, authentication or send-queue failures.
- Graphite contains series beneath the intended prefix and hostname.
- At least one emitted metric name has been compared with dashboard and alert queries.
- Queue high and low limits have been considered for the host’s role.
Final configuration perspective
A dependable collectd-to-Graphite integration is less about loading every plugin than about making the collection contract explicit. Define which host metrics matter, give them a stable hostname and prefix, match Carbon’s transport exactly, and test both callbacks and ingestion. Once those pieces are verified, additions such as swap, process or sensor metrics become controlled extensions instead of guesses, and future naming changes can be treated as migrations rather than unexplained gaps in history.
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