The reliable production pattern is to keep Buildbot’s built-in web server on a private HTTP listener and let Nginx terminate HTTPS. Nginx then proxies the Buildbot UI and API, disables response buffering for Server-Sent Events (SSE), and forwards WebSocket upgrade headers for /ws. Set Buildbot’s buildbotURL to the exact public HTTPS address so generated links and browser connections use the proxy rather than the internal port.
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What the finished architecture looks like
A browser connects to Nginx over HTTPS on port 443. Nginx owns the certificate, negotiates TLS, and forwards requests over loopback (or another private network) to Buildbot’s HTTP listener. Buildbot does not need to hold a public certificate or listen on the internet.
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https://buildbot.example/or a prefixed URL such ashttps://example/buildbot/. - Nginx: listens on
443 ssl, applies your TLS policy, and proxies requests. - Buildbot: listens on an internal address such as
127.0.0.1:8010. - Live updates: the
/sse/stream is sent without proxy buffering, while/wsuses HTTP/1.1 upgrade headers.
Buildbot’s current web-server documentation says, “It is usually better to put Buildbot behind a reverse proxy in production.” Older released documentation likewise explains that the built-in web server does not provide SSL and that Nginx, Apache, or lighttpd should provide the HTTP proxy layer.
Before you change the configuration
Confirm the installed Buildbot release
The latest Buildbot documentation page is marked unreleased. Configuration syntax and endpoint behavior can differ between releases, so open the documentation for the version actually installed on your master before copying an example. Keep the release number in your deployment notes and recheck the matching documentation after upgrades.
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Have the required pieces ready
- A Buildbot master that you can stop or reload safely while editing
master.cfg. - Nginx installed on the same host or on a private network that can reach the Buildbot listener.
- A DNS name resolving to the Nginx host.
- A certificate and private key in files readable by the Nginx worker process. Use the certificate and key paths supplied by your certificate-management process; the example paths below are placeholders for real files.
- A firewall that exposes HTTPS as intended but does not expose the internal Buildbot port to untrusted networks.
- Permission to inspect browser developer tools and Nginx error logs during validation.
Configure Buildbot’s internal web listener
1. Bind the web server to a private address
In master.cfg, set the www port to an internal HTTP endpoint. This example uses loopback and port 8010:
c['www']['port'] = 'tcp:8010:interface=127.0.0.1'Choose a free port if 8010 is already used, then use that same port in Nginx’s proxy_pass. Binding to 127.0.0.1 prevents direct remote access when Nginx runs on the same machine. If Nginx is on a separate host, bind to a private interface or address and restrict the port with a firewall; do not publish it broadly.
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Buildbot’s documentation discourages using a Twisted SSL endpoint directly for this production role. A dedicated reverse proxy is the place to maintain certificates, protocol policy, logging, and reloads.
2. Set the public base URL
Set buildbotURL to the address users actually enter in their browsers:
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c['buildbotURL'] = 'https://buildbot.example/'For a path prefix, include that prefix and its trailing slash:
c['buildbotURL'] = 'https://example/buildbot/'Buildbot uses this value when generating links. If it contains the internal HTTP address, omits HTTPS, or leaves out /buildbot/, pages may redirect to the wrong host, produce incorrect asset links, or attempt live connections at the wrong path.
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Use the configuration-check and restart/reload procedure appropriate to your installed Buildbot release. Confirm that the master starts without a configuration exception and that the internal listener is accepting HTTP before involving Nginx. From the Nginx host, a request to the internal address should receive a Buildbot response:
curl -I http://127.0.0.1:8010/A successful response proves only that the private hop works; it does not verify TLS, forwarded headers, SSE, or WebSockets.
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Configure Nginx for a host-root deployment
Use this shape when Buildbot is published at the host root, such as https://buildbot.example/. Replace the server name, certificate paths, and port with values from your environment.
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name buildbot.example;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/;
}
location /sse/ {
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/sse/;
}
location /ws {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/ws;
proxy_read_timeout 6000s;
}
}The normal location handles ordinary HTML, JavaScript, API, and static-asset requests. The more specific SSE and WebSocket locations supply behavior that ordinary HTTP proxying does not.
Configure Nginx for a path prefix
A prefix is useful when the same hostname serves several applications, for example https://example/buildbot/. Set buildbotURL to that complete prefixed URL and preserve the matching slash behavior in Nginx:
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name example;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
location /buildbot/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/;
}
location /buildbot/sse/ {
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/sse/;
}
location /buildbot/ws {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/ws;
proxy_read_timeout 6000s;
}
}Here Nginx removes the external /buildbot/ prefix when forwarding because the replacement URI in proxy_pass ends with /. The WebSocket rule similarly maps external /buildbot/ws to Buildbot’s internal /ws. If you change the trailing slash or use a different prefix, verify the resulting upstream URI carefully; a one-character mismatch can produce 404 responses or failed live connections.
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Why each proxy setting matters
Forwarded request headers
Buildbot needs the original request context to generate correct absolute links, identify the client, and understand that the browser used HTTPS:
| Header | Purpose |
|---|---|
Host |
Preserves the public hostname requested by the browser. |
X-Real-IP |
Passes the immediate client address. |
X-Forwarded-For |
Maintains the proxy chain, including the original client address. |
X-Forwarded-Proto |
Tells Buildbot that the external scheme was HTTPS even though the private hop is HTTP. |
X-Forwarded-Server |
Identifies the public proxy server. |
X-Forwarded-Host |
Preserves the externally visible host when more than one proxy or virtual host is involved. |
Do not blindly trust forwarded headers from untrusted clients. Only accept and set them at a proxy you control, and restrict direct access to Buildbot so users cannot bypass that proxy.
Server-Sent Events: disable buffering
Buildbot uses the /sse/ endpoint for streaming live events. With proxy buffering enabled, Nginx may wait for a buffer to fill before sending data to the browser. The page can then appear frozen even though Buildbot is producing events. The dedicated SSE location uses proxy_buffering off; so events are delivered promptly.
This setting does not create events or fix an application that is not publishing them. It only prevents the proxy from holding already-produced events. Keep the location path aligned with the public prefix, if any.
WebSockets: upgrade the connection
The /ws endpoint requires an HTTP/1.1 upgrade. Set proxy_http_version 1.1, copy the browser’s Upgrade header, and send Connection "upgrade". Without those directives, the initial request may look like ordinary HTTP and the WebSocket handshake will fail.
proxy_read_timeout 6000s is a long example suitable for an installation where an idle connection should remain open. Choose a timeout consistent with your network, load balancer, and operational policy. A shorter value is appropriate if you prefer periodic reconnects; an overly short value causes apparently random disconnects during quiet periods.
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Use current Nginx TLS guidance
The certificate directives in the example identify the files Nginx must load; they are not a complete TLS policy. Follow current Nginx and certificate-authority guidance for protocol versions, cipher selection, renewal, private-key permissions, and redirecting HTTP to HTTPS. Test renewal before the existing certificate expires and reload Nginx only after the new files pass validation.
HTTPS is not Buildbot authentication
Encryption protects data in transit between the browser and Nginx. It does not decide who may view builds or administer the master. Buildbot’s documentation states that authentication plugins are needed and that authorization rules belong in www.authz. Configure those controls deliberately, then verify both an allowed and a denied account.
Protect streaming endpoints too
REST authorization does not cover WebSocket or SSE reads. If build output or status information is sensitive, an access-controlled reverse proxy may be appropriate in addition to Buildbot’s own authentication and authorization. Apply the same policy to the normal UI, /sse/, and /ws; protecting only the HTML page can leave a streaming endpoint reachable directly.
Validate, reload, and test the complete path
- Check Nginx syntax: run
nginx -twith the privileges required by your installation. Fix every reported error before reloading. - Reload Nginx: use your operating system’s service manager, such as
systemctl reload nginx, so existing connections can drain according to your service policy. - Test the certificate and host: open the exact HTTPS URL named in
buildbotURL. Confirm the certificate matches the hostname and that the browser does not show a mixed-content warning. - Open a build page: navigate to a page that changes while a build runs. Check that links, scripts, and API calls remain under the expected host and prefix.
- Inspect SSE: in browser developer tools, open the Network panel, filter for
sse, and confirm the request remains open and receives events while activity occurs. - Inspect WebSockets: filter for
wsand verify the handshake succeeds with a successful switching-protocol response. Look for continuing frames rather than an immediate close. - Test a direct bypass: from an untrusted network, confirm the internal port is not reachable. From the Nginx host, retain the loopback test to distinguish an application problem from a proxy problem.
- Review logs: correlate Nginx access/error logs with Buildbot logs while loading the UI and starting a build. Record the public URI, upstream URI, status code, and disconnect time.
Troubleshooting by symptom
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Buildbot redirects to HTTP or the internal port | Incorrect buildbotURL or missing forwarded scheme/host |
Use the exact public HTTPS URL and forward Host, X-Forwarded-Proto, and X-Forwarded-Host. |
| HTML loads but scripts or links return 404 under a prefix | Prefix mismatch or incorrect proxy_pass trailing slash |
Compare /buildbot/ in the public URL with the internal paths and the configured buildbotURL. |
| Live build page never updates | SSE buffering, wrong SSE location, or an upstream stream failure | Confirm the request uses the dedicated /sse/ location and that proxy_buffering off is active; then inspect both logs. |
| WebSocket handshake fails with a 400, 404, or immediate close | Missing upgrade headers or wrong path mapping | Use HTTP/1.1, set Upgrade and Connection "upgrade", and map the external path to internal /ws. |
| Connections drop after a period of inactivity | Proxy or intermediary read timeout | Review proxy_read_timeout and any firewall, load-balancer, or idle-session timeout between browser and Nginx. |
| Only some users can see protected data | Authentication or authorization policy differs between UI and streaming endpoints | Review Buildbot authentication, www.authz, and proxy access controls for normal, SSE, and WebSocket requests. |
| Nginx reload fails | Syntax error, unreadable key, duplicate listener, or invalid certificate | Run nginx -t, inspect the precise file/line error, and verify certificate-key permissions and paths. |
Deployment choices and trade-offs
| Choice | Advantages | Costs and risks |
|---|---|---|
| Buildbot HTTP plus Nginx TLS termination | Centralized certificate handling, mature TLS controls, straightforward WebSocket/SSE proxying, and one public entry point. | Requires careful path, header, timeout, and reload configuration. |
| Buildbot’s direct Twisted SSL endpoint | Fewer proxy components in a small test setup. | The current documentation discourages it for production; TLS hardening, certificate operations, and proxy-style access controls are less centralized. |
| Another capable reverse proxy | Can integrate with an existing gateway, authentication layer, or platform standard. | You must reproduce equivalent support for HTTPS, forwarded context, SSE without buffering, WebSocket upgrades, prefixes, and the installed Buildbot release. |
The practical choice is the one your team can patch, monitor, renew, and secure consistently. Whatever proxy you use, test the two live-update transports rather than stopping after the initial page load.
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- Keep
buildbotURLsynchronized with DNS, certificates, virtual-host names, and any path-prefix change. - Renew certificates before expiry and verify Nginx can read the replacement key.
- After Buildbot or Nginx upgrades, recheck the release-specific documentation and repeat UI, SSE, and WebSocket tests.
- Monitor for unexpected direct access to the internal Buildbot port.
- Review access logs for failed authentication and unusual streaming connections.
- Retest long-lived WebSocket behavior after changing firewalls, load balancers, or idle timeouts.
- Document the mapping between each public location and its internal Buildbot endpoint so future edits do not break prefix handling.
Configuration reference
For a single-host deployment, the minimum working combination is an internal Buildbot listener such as tcp:8010:interface=127.0.0.1, a matching public buildbotURL, an Nginx HTTPS server with certificate directives and forwarded headers, an ordinary proxy location, an SSE location with buffering disabled, and a WebSocket location with HTTP/1.1 upgrade headers. The certificate paths, hostname, prefix, port, TLS policy, and timeout remain deployment-specific and must be adapted rather than copied unchanged.
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