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Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Use Ghost-CLI as the control plane for a self-hosted Ghost site: install the production stack with ghost install, change settings with ghost config, apply them with ghost restart, create a recovery archive with ghost backup, and upgrade with ghost update while keeping a rollback path. Production installations are designed around MySQL 8.0, NGINX, systemd, SSL, and a dedicated low-privilege Linux user; ghost install local is a separate SQLite-based development mode.
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What Ghost-CLI manages
Ghost-CLI is Ghost’s official shell tool for installing and administering self-hosted Ghost. Ghost Foundation describes it as making it possible to install or update Ghost with a single command. It does more than download application files: a production install can create the database account, initialize or migrate the database, write the NGINX configuration, request SSL, create the restricted Linux service user, and generate a systemd unit.
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Run the CLI as the non-root account that will own the site. Keep sudo available because setup may need to make system-level changes. Running the whole workflow as root makes ownership and permission problems more likely and defeats the low-privilege service model.
Choose the correct installation mode
Production: ghost install
Use ghost install for a public, persistent site. The command performs environment checks, creates Ghost’s directory layout, downloads Ghost, invokes the setup stages, and can start the service. Its normal production path integrates the supported web server, database, SSL, and process manager instead of leaving those integrations for you to assemble manually.
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Development or evaluation: ghost install local
Use ghost install local when you need a local development instance or a quick evaluation. This mode uses SQLite and a local process manager rather than the production MySQL and systemd arrangement. Treat it as a different operating mode, not as a production shortcut: its database and service assumptions are intentionally simpler.
Pin a release when repeatability matters
To install a specific Ghost release, append its version: ghost install <version>. Pinning is useful when you are matching a tested application and theme combination, coordinating a staged rollout, or postponing a major-release migration. Record the selected version in your maintenance notes so a later operator knows what was deliberately installed.
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Prepare a production server
Ghost’s supported self-hosting design uses MySQL 8.0, NGINX, systemd, SSL, and a dedicated low-privilege ghost user and group. Keep the operating system and every public-facing component current; Ghost’s hosting guidance treats an up-to-date server as part of production safety.
Before running the installer
- Use a server with a stable hostname and the DNS records needed for the site’s public URL.
- Log in as the account that will own the Ghost installation, with
sudoavailable for privileged setup tasks. - Confirm that the intended directory is writable by that account and is not mixed with another Ghost instance.
- Have the MySQL service and credentials required by your deployment plan available, or allow the installer to create the restricted database user during setup.
- Make sure ports needed by NGINX, HTTP validation, HTTPS, and the configured Ghost listener are available.
Run the production installation
- Install Ghost-CLI globally using your system’s supported npm tooling.
- Change to the directory where the site should live.
- Run
ghost installas the site-owning, non-root account. - Answer the setup prompts for the public URL, database, mail, and SSL when requested. The installer checks the environment before it changes the server.
- Let the setup complete its database initialization or migration, NGINX configuration, SSL request, service-user creation, and systemd-unit generation.
- Verify that the site opens at its public URL and that the administration area can send mail if mail settings were configured.
The exact prompts can vary by Ghost-CLI release and server state. Do not copy a configuration from a different host without checking paths, ownership, URL, database credentials, and proxy details.
Understand the generated installation layout
A managed installation separates application versions from persistent site data. The important paths are:
| Path or item | Purpose | Operational rule |
|---|---|---|
.config.[env].json |
Environment-specific Ghost configuration | Keep valid JSON and change values through the CLI when possible. |
.ghost-cli |
Ghost-CLI instance metadata | Leave it under CLI management. |
content |
Persistent site data, including media and themes | Back it up and do not replace it casually during an update. |
current |
Symlink to the active Ghost release | Do not repoint it manually; let Ghost-CLI handle releases. |
system |
System integration files used by the managed instance | Preserve the generated layout. |
versions |
Downloaded Ghost releases | Use the CLI for upgrades and rollback rather than deleting versions by hand. |
The separation lets Ghost-CLI keep releases replaceable while content remains persistent. Editing files inside the managed layout or moving the symlink can leave the service, permissions, and future updates out of sync.
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Configure Ghost from the shell
Run configuration commands from the instance directory, or add --dir /path/to/site when operating from elsewhere. The basic forms are:
ghost config
ghost config url https://example.com
ghost config <key>
ghost config <key> <value>
ghost restartInspect and edit values
ghost config opens or creates the configuration for editing. ghost config <key> reads one setting, while ghost config <key> <value> writes it. For example, ghost config url https://example.com changes the public URL. The configuration file in the installation root must remain valid JSON; a syntax error can prevent Ghost from starting.
Settings you can manage
- Public and administrative URLs: Set the URL visitors use and, where needed, a separate admin URL.
- Network binding: Configure the listening port and IP address used by Ghost behind the web server.
- Logging: Select the log transport appropriate to the service manager and your operational tooling.
- Database: Set the client, host or socket details, database name, user, and password.
- Mail: Set the SMTP or other mail transport and its credentials so invitations, password resets, and notifications can be delivered.
- Process manager: Identify the manager responsible for keeping the instance running.
After any configuration change, run ghost restart. Writing the setting changes the file; it does not reload an already running Ghost process.
Change configuration safely
- Record the current value with
ghost config <key>before changing it. - Write one related change at a time with
ghost config <key> <value>. - Restart immediately with
ghost restart. - Check the public site, the admin URL, and the relevant function, such as image upload or password-reset mail.
- If the managed service will not start, use
ghost runto expose the foreground error before making additional edits.
Start, stop, restart, and diagnose an instance
These lifecycle commands operate on the instance in the current directory:
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ghost start
ghost stop
ghost restart
ghost runUse --dir /path/to/site when the shell is not in the installation directory. ghost ls lists known instances so you can confirm which site you are about to operate.
Start and boot behavior
ghost start uses the configured process manager; production installations use systemd by default. The ghost start --enable form enables restart-on-boot behavior, while ghost start --no-enable leaves that behavior disabled. Choose deliberately on staging servers, where automatic boot may be undesirable.
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Stop one instance or all instances
ghost stop can target a single instance or all instances, depending on the selection you provide. Confirm the directory or instance list first so a maintenance command does not interrupt an unrelated site on the same host.
Use foreground mode when managed output is insufficient
If systemd reports only a generic failure, ghost run launches Ghost in the foreground. The terminal then shows uncaught errors directly, which is often the fastest way to identify invalid JSON, a rejected database credential, a port collision, a missing dependency, or a permission problem. Stop the foreground process with the normal terminal interrupt after collecting the error, correct the underlying issue, and start the managed service again.
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Permissions and ownership
Ghost-CLI creates a dedicated ghost system user and group for the systemd service. The service is intentionally low privilege. Ghost-CLI also documents different default directory and file permissions for normal-user and root installations, so avoid applying a blanket chmod or changing the entire tree to a different owner.
When an upload or update fails
- First run the documented Ghost-CLI checks for the instance and read which path is reported as incorrect.
- Repair ownership or permissions only on the affected path and only to the account and mode the check requires.
- Prefer administrative uploads for images and themes rather than copying files into protected directories as root.
- Run the lifecycle command again as the site-owning account after repairs.
Broad permission changes can expose configuration secrets, prevent systemd from reading files, or make later CLI updates fail. Treat the generated ownership model as part of the installation, not an obstacle to work around.
Back up before maintenance
Run ghost backup before an upgrade and before other high-risk maintenance. Store the resulting ZIP outside the live installation so an update, disk failure, or accidental deletion cannot remove both the running site and its recovery copy.
What the Ghost backup contains
- Content JSON export.
- A complete member CSV export.
- All installed themes.
- Images and other media.
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After the command finishes, verify that the archive exists, can be read, and can be retrieved by the person responsible for recovery. The documented archive is a Ghost-level export; Ghost does not state that it replaces independent database, server, volume, or infrastructure backups. Keep those additional backups when your recovery objectives require them.
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A practical pre-change checklist
- Run
ghost backup. - Move or copy the ZIP to storage outside the live Ghost directory.
- Record the current Ghost version, theme versions, configuration changes, and database location.
- Check the release notes for breaking changes, database requirements, and theme compatibility.
- Confirm that you know which operator can retrieve the archive and which server or volume can host a restore.
Update Ghost and recover from a failed update
Use ghost update for the normal in-place upgrade path. The main forms are:
ghost update
ghost update <version>
ghost update --rollback
ghost update --no-restartChoose the update form
| Command | Use | Important behavior |
|---|---|---|
ghost update |
Install the latest compatible release. | Plan a backup and validation window before allowing the service to restart. |
ghost update <version> |
Install a selected release. | Useful for a controlled or staged rollout. |
ghost update --no-restart |
Install without restarting immediately. | Schedule the restart and verification yourself; the new code is not serving until the service is restarted. |
ghost update --rollback |
Roll back the last failed update. | It is specifically for the most recent failed update, not an arbitrary time machine. |
The CLI also provides controls for forced downloads and automatic rollback. Because flags and behavior can vary by release, check the help for the installed Ghost-CLI version before using those controls.
Why major updates need extra planning
Ghost states that major releases arrive approximately every 12–18 months and may break backwards compatibility. Before a major update, check the version-specific guidance for database requirements, deprecated configuration, and theme compatibility. A theme that worked on the previous major release may need changes even when the content export is healthy.
Recommended update runbook
- Schedule a maintenance window and identify the person who can execute a rollback.
- Create and move a
ghost backuparchive off the live host. - Review the target release’s breaking changes, database requirements, and theme notes.
- Record the current version and confirm that the service starts normally before changing it.
- Run
ghost updatefor the latest compatible release orghost update <version>for a selected release. - Allow the managed restart unless you deliberately used
--no-restart. - Check the public URL, admin login, publishing, media upload, member functions, and transactional mail.
- If the last update failed, run
ghost update --rollback, then inspect the error withghost runif the service still will not start.
Production, local, and manual deployment compared
The choice is primarily about who owns each integration and how closely the server follows Ghost’s supported stack.
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Common failure branches
Configuration changed but the site still shows the old value
Ghost reads configuration when the process starts. Run ghost restart, then test the affected URL or feature. If the restart fails, check the JSON syntax and use ghost run for the underlying error.
The command reports that no instance was found
You are probably outside the installation directory or targeting the wrong site. Run ghost ls, change to the correct instance directory, or repeat the command with --dir /path/to/site.
The service starts and immediately exits
Run ghost run in the instance directory. Foreground output commonly distinguishes an invalid configuration, unavailable database, occupied port, missing dependency, or ownership error. Fix that specific cause rather than repeatedly restarting.
Mail or media broke after an update
Check the configured mail transport and credentials, then test a password-reset or invitation flow. For media, verify that the content paths remain owned and writable according to Ghost-CLI’s documented checks. Review theme compatibility separately; a successful application start does not prove that a theme supports the new release.
Rollback did not solve the problem
ghost update --rollback addresses the last failed update. If the failure is older, or if configuration and content were changed after the update, use the off-host backup and your independent infrastructure recovery procedure rather than deleting release directories manually.
A repeatable command-line maintenance routine
For routine administration, keep the work predictable:
Quick Recap
- Identify the instance with
ghost lsand operate from its directory or pass--dir. - Inspect the setting or version you are about to change.
- Back up before upgrades, database work, permission repairs, or other high-risk changes.
- Make the smallest change possible with Ghost-CLI rather than editing managed files directly.
- Restart when configuration changes require it.
- Use the foreground runner when a managed command hides the useful error.
- Validate the public site and the specific feature affected by the change.
- Record the release, configuration change, backup location, and outcome for the next maintenance window.
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