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If FFmpeg runs on your VPS and sends a stream straight to YouTube, allow its outbound RTMPS connection over TCP port 443 if outbound traffic is restricted. You do not need inbound TCP 1935 for that direct-publishing setup. Open inbound 1935 only if the VPS is also running an RTMP service that accepts a stream from a separate encoder.
First identify which way the stream travels
Firewall rules depend on whether the VPS is a sender or an ingest server. YouTube recommends RTMPS for secure live ingestion. Its RTMPS documentation says, “The connection must be made to port 443 on the ingestion server.” Google for Developers: Delivering Live YouTube Content via RTMPS
| Setup | Connection direction | Firewall need | Does the VPS need a public listener? |
|---|---|---|---|
| FFmpeg on the VPS publishes directly to YouTube | VPS to YouTube | Permit outbound RTMPS over TCP 443 when egress is restricted | No, not for direct publishing |
| A separate encoder publishes to an RTMP service on the VPS | Encoder to VPS, then onward from the VPS | Permit inbound TCP 1935 only if the service listens on that port; separately allow the service’s onward connection | Yes |
FFmpeg documents 1935 as RTMP’s default port; that does not make it YouTube’s direct RTMPS port. FFmpeg protocol documentation
Check the VPS firewall without locking yourself out
Inspect existing UFW rules
On Ubuntu systems using UFW, start by checking the current policy:
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sudo ufw statusBefore enabling or tightening an inbound-deny policy over SSH, make sure the actual SSH port is allowed, and preserve any source-address restriction you already use. Do not assume SSH uses a particular port or that the server has a default policy you can safely replace. UFW supports status inspection, default policies, and port rules; its official guide explains the commands and their effects. Ubuntu UFW documentation
Account for the provider firewall too
A VPS may have both a Linux host firewall and a separate network firewall in its hosting control panel. The host rule cannot override a provider rule that blocks the traffic. Check the provider’s current documentation for how it handles egress and ingress; the precise panel labels, defaults, and rule syntax vary by provider. No particular Indian VPS provider or operating-system image is assumed here.
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Allow direct FFmpeg publishing to YouTube
- Get the current endpoint and key. In YouTube Live Control Room, obtain the RTMPS ingestion URL and stream key for the broadcast. Use the endpoint YouTube provides; verify that the URL uses RTMPS and includes the correct server and path.
- Check outbound policy. If the VPS allows outbound connections by default, an extra broad allow rule may not be needed. If outbound traffic is restricted, allow FFmpeg to reach YouTube’s supplied RTMPS destination on TCP 443. A narrow destination-based rule is preferable where the firewall supports it.
- Keep the rule in the correct direction. FFmpeg initiates the connection from the VPS, so the relevant policy is outbound. Allowing inbound TCP 443 on the VPS is not a substitute.
- Apply the policy at each active layer. Ensure that both the operating-system firewall and any provider network firewall permit the required outbound connection.
- Test before the broadcast. Start a representative stream and check the status and stream health in YouTube Live Control Room.
There is no single UFW command that covers every egress setup: command syntax and destination-filtering capabilities depend on the firewall manager and configuration. UFW’s documented sudo ufw allow <port>/<optional: protocol> form is a port-rule example, not a complete secure-server policy or a universal outbound rule. Consult the documentation for the firewall actually in use before changing restrictive egress rules.
When inbound TCP 1935 is actually needed
Open inbound TCP 1935 only when another encoder must connect to an RTMP service running on the VPS and that service is configured to listen on port 1935. This is a separate architecture from running FFmpeg on the VPS and publishing directly to YouTube.
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- Confirm that the RTMP service is installed, listening on the intended interface and port, and configured to accept the encoder’s publish.
- Where practical, limit the inbound rule to the encoder’s known source address rather than exposing the listener to every address.
- Keep administrative and monitoring interfaces private unless public access is explicitly required.
- Check both the host firewall and provider firewall. If the service uses a different listening port, match the rule to its actual configuration rather than assuming 1935.
Check YouTube’s encoder settings as well as the firewall
A reachable endpoint does not guarantee a healthy stream. YouTube’s encoder guidance recommends RTMPS, constant bitrate (CBR), and a 2-second keyframe interval; it says not to exceed 4 seconds. Its page lists H.264, H.265/HEVC, and AV1 among supported video codecs. Use the current table on that page for the bitrate appropriate to your codec, resolution, and frame rate. YouTube Help: Choose live encoder settings, bitrates, and resolutions
| H.264 output | YouTube-listed minimum bitrate | YouTube-listed recommended bitrate |
|---|---|---|
| 1080p at 30 fps | 4 Mbps | 10 Mbps |
| 1080p at 60 fps | 6 Mbps | 17 Mbps |
YouTube’s cited settings page does not state a publication year for these figures. Treat them as the recommendations on that page, not as a guarantee that a particular VPS connection can sustain the bitrate. Test the actual output and monitor YouTube’s stream health before relying on it.
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Troubleshoot connection and stream failures
- Connection times out: Check whether outbound TCP 443 is restricted by the host or provider firewall, and confirm the destination URL and port from Live Control Room.
- TLS or RTMPS connection fails: Verify that FFmpeg is using an RTMPS URL and that the encoder supports RTMPS. YouTube advises checking the URL and port and ensuring encoder support.
- YouTube does not receive a stream: Recheck the stream key, server URL, and path in the FFmpeg configuration. Confirm that the FFmpeg process is running and that the VPS can make the outbound connection.
- The stream connects but is unhealthy or unstable: Compare the configured codec, frame rate, keyframe interval, and bitrate with YouTube’s current encoder guidance, then test a representative stream and inspect Live Control Room’s stream-health status.
- An outside encoder cannot reach the VPS: This applies to the self-hosted-ingest setup, not direct FFmpeg publishing. Confirm the RTMP service is listening on the configured port, then check its inbound host and provider firewall rules and any source-address restrictions.
- SSH stops responding after a firewall change: The administration rule may not allow the actual SSH port or permitted source. Avoid enabling a restrictive inbound policy until the remote access rule is confirmed; recovery may require the provider’s console if SSH access is already lost.
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