In the IMF’s 2026 Pakistan report, general government gross debt including IMF is estimated at 72.8% of GDP for FY2024/25; the report projects 72.4% for FY2025/26. Those figures give a starting point, not a clean country ranking: Pakistan’s figures use a fiscal year ending June 30, and comparisons can change depending on the debt measure, year, and whether a number is an estimate or projection.
Pakistan’s reported debt-to-GDP figures
The IMF’s 2026 Pakistan country report distinguishes three measures. Its table reports the following figures for the fiscal years shown:
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| Measure | FY2024/25 | FY2025/26 |
|---|---|---|
| General government debt, including IMF | 72.8% of GDP | 72.4% of GDP (projection) |
| Net general government debt, including IMF | 66.5% of GDP | 66.6% of GDP |
| General government and government-guaranteed debt | 76.6% of GDP | 76.0% of GDP |
These are IMF report figures attributed in its table to the IMF and Pakistani authorities. FY2025/26 is a projection in that report vintage, not a final outturn. Pakistan’s fiscal year ends June 30, so these observations should not be treated as calendar-year values.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteThe measures are not interchangeable. General government debt covers a defined government perimeter; the broader government-guaranteed measure includes guaranteed debt as well. Net debt deducts qualifying financial assets from gross debt. A comparison is meaningful only when it uses the same measure for Pakistan and the other countries.
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What debt-to-GDP does—and does not—tell you
Debt-to-GDP expresses a stock of government debt relative to the economy’s annual output. It helps compare the scale of debt across economies of different sizes, but it is not a direct measure of a government’s ability to repay. A lower ratio alone does not establish lower fiscal risk or stronger repayment capacity.
The IMF’s World Economic Outlook (WEO) definition of general government gross debt includes liabilities that require principal or interest payments and excludes specified non-debt instruments. Net debt is a separate measure that deducts qualifying financial assets in debt instruments. The choice between gross and net can affect both a country’s reported ratio and its apparent position relative to peers.
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How to make a fair country comparison
- Choose a comparable debt measure. Use the same government perimeter and gross-or-net basis for every country. Do not compare Pakistan’s general government debt with another country’s government-guaranteed or wider public-sector debt without clearly labeling the difference.
- Align the reporting period. Pakistan’s reported fiscal year ends June 30. If peer figures are calendar-year observations, state the mismatch or find a common period and convention.
- Use and identify one data vintage. The WEO is normally published in April and October. Record the release used, since revisions and new estimates can change reported values.
- Separate actuals, estimates, and projections. Mark each figure’s status. In particular, do not present Pakistan’s FY2025/26 projection as a final result or rank it as if it were directly equivalent to another country’s actual observation.
- Check coverage and notes before ranking. The IMF Global Debt Database page surfaced for this comparison lists no Pakistan data for its displayed general-government debt series. That does not mean Pakistan has no debt data; it means that series cannot supply Pakistan’s value for a like-for-like ranking. Use a Pakistan-specific official source or select a common series that covers all countries.
For each value, a useful comparison records the debt perimeter, gross or net basis, reference period, calendar- or fiscal-year convention, actual/estimate/projection status, publication vintage, and any source-specific adjustment. Without those details, a league table can imply more precision than the underlying figures support.
Choosing peers and reading group averages
There is no single required peer group for Pakistan. Countries can be selected by region, income group, or another stated analytical reason, but the chosen basis should be explicit. The available figures here do not establish a matching set of peer-country ratios, so they do not support a factual ranking of Pakistan against named countries.
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An IMF country-group aggregate is also not the simple average of the individual countries’ debt ratios. WEO group ratios are weighted by GDP at purchasing-power parity (PPP), so larger economies have greater influence on the aggregate.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Why a ratio is not a complete risk assessment
Debt-to-GDP alone does not show the interest bill, repayment schedule, currency denomination, creditor mix, government revenue capacity, or growth outlook. Those factors matter when assessing sustainability and repayment capacity. A cross-country debt-ratio comparison can describe relative scale only when its definitions and periods match; a fuller risk comparison needs comparable evidence on those additional dimensions too.
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