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How to Capture Screenshots in Cucumber JUnit Failure Hooks

Use a Cucumber @After hook to capture PNG bytes from the failed scenario’s Selenium driver and attach them to its report output.
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Capture a failed browser scenario in a Cucumber Java @After hook: check scenario.isFailed(), take PNG bytes from that scenario’s active Selenium WebDriver, and attach them to the scenario. The hook is the same whether Cucumber runs on JUnit 4 or JUnit 5; the runner dependency differs.

Capture and attach a screenshot in a Cucumber hook

Put the hook in a class registered as Cucumber glue. Obtain the driver from the same scenario-scoped context or dependency-injection mechanism your steps use; the constructor below illustrates that handoff and is not a complete driver setup.

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import io.cucumber.java.After;
import io.cucumber.java.Scenario;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class ScreenshotHooks {
    private final WebDriver webDriver;

    public ScreenshotHooks(WebDriver webDriver) {
        this.webDriver = webDriver;
    }

    @After
    public void captureScreenshotOnFailure(Scenario scenario) {
        if (scenario.isFailed()) {
            byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) webDriver)
                    .getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
            scenario.attach(screenshot, "image/png", "failure-screenshot");
        }
    }
}

The @After annotation here is Cucumber’s scenario hook, not JUnit Jupiter’s @AfterEach. Cucumber runs an after hook after the scenario’s final step, including when the result is failed, undefined, pending, or skipped. The status check limits capture to failures. The Cucumber Java API documents the hook lifecycle and scenario status at Cucumber’s Java API reference; its browser automation guide demonstrates the screenshot and attachment calls.

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Why request bytes and attach them?

The driver is cast to Selenium’s TakesScreenshot interface, then getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES) returns the image data as a byte array. scenario.attach adds those bytes to the scenario with the MIME type image/png and the attachment name failure-screenshot. Use a descriptive name if your reporting workflow makes attachment names visible.

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Attaching data does not guarantee that it will appear in every report. The formatter or reporting output must consume and render Cucumber attachments. The screenshot also reflects the browser state at hook execution time, so capture before any teardown closes the browser.

Use the driver for the scenario that failed

A screenshot is useful only if the hook captures the browser session that ran the failing steps. Pass or resolve the active scenario’s driver through your project’s existing context or dependency injection. Do not add a shared static driver just to make it accessible to the hook: in parallel runs, that can capture another scenario’s browser or create races. Cucumber’s screenshot example shows the capture calls, but does not prescribe a driver lifecycle or a particular dependency-injection library.

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Arrange teardown so the screenshot hook runs while the browser is still open. If your project has multiple after hooks, their ordering and resource lifecycle are project-specific; verify that driver shutdown does not precede capture.

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JUnit 4 and JUnit 5: choose the Cucumber runner dependency

The screenshot code is a Cucumber Java hook in either case. JUnit determines how Cucumber scenarios are launched; it does not turn this hook into a JUnit lifecycle method.

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Test setup Cucumber integration What to keep in mind
JUnit 4 cucumber-junit The Cucumber Java API identifies this integration as based on JUnit 4.
JUnit 5 / JUnit Platform cucumber-junit-platform-engine Cucumber scenarios run through the platform engine; use the project’s compatible platform configuration.

Cucumber’s Java installation guide lists the integrations and advises using the same version for Cucumber dependencies. JUnit 5 support through the platform engine was announced in the Cucumber-JVM 5.0.0 release notes. The Cucumber-JVM changelog lists 8.0.0 and 8.0.1 on 2026-09-24, and notes optional names for Java hooks in 8.0.0. These release details do not establish compatibility for every older Java, Selenium, runner, or formatter combination; check the versions resolved by your project before adopting code.

Troubleshoot missing or incorrect screenshots

  • No image in the report: Check that the scenario was marked failed, the hook’s package is included in glue, and the configured formatter or report consumes attachments. Confirm that the hook has the driver for the scenario that failed.
  • Screenshot call throws a cast or driver error: Confirm the driver implementation supports Selenium’s TakesScreenshot interface and that the browser has not already been quit. Fix hook and teardown ordering so capture happens before shutdown.
  • JUnit annotation or runner confusion: Keep the Cucumber io.cucumber.java.After hook for per-scenario attachment. Use the Cucumber integration appropriate to JUnit 4 or JUnit 5; do not replace the hook with @AfterEach.
  • Wrong browser captured during parallel execution: Remove shared static driver state and resolve the driver associated with each scenario or worker through the project’s context mechanism.
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Or skip the browser setup

If you need a screenshot by URL rather than an attachment from the exact live test session, ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. It returns an image or PDF from one GET request; it does not replace the Cucumber hook when you need the browser state produced by your test.

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Install your preferred HTTP client, set an API key, then run this cURL example. See the ScreenshotNeo documentation for API details.

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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webp

ScreenshotNeo removes cookie banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are never billed. Its MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month, with no card required.

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