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Make a screenshot API request with UrlFetchApp
This template shows a JSON POST for a provider that documents an API-key header and JSON response. Replace the endpoint, authentication header, and fields with the ones in your provider’s current API documentation; the example endpoint and header are illustrative, not universal.
function requestScreenshot() {
const apiKey = PropertiesService.getScriptProperties()
.getProperty('SCREENSHOT_API_KEY');
if (!apiKey) throw new Error('Set SCREENSHOT_API_KEY in Script Properties.');
const endpoint = 'https://YOUR_PROVIDER.example/v1/screenshot';
const requestData = {
url: 'https://example.com'
// Add only parameters documented by your provider.
};
const response = UrlFetchApp.fetch(endpoint, {
method: 'post',
contentType: 'application/json',
headers: { 'X-API-KEY': apiKey }, // Use the provider's documented auth scheme.
payload: JSON.stringify(requestData),
muteHttpExceptions: true
});
const status = response.getResponseCode();
const body = response.getContentText();
if (status < 200 || status >= 300) {
throw new Error(`Screenshot API returned ${status}: ${body}`);
}
// Parse only if the provider documents a JSON response.
return JSON.parse(body);
}UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, params) makes the HTTP(S) request and returns an HTTPResponse. Use getResponseCode() and getContentText() for status and text, or getBlob() when the provider returns binary image data. See Google’s UrlFetchApp reference and External APIs guide.
Configure the API key and permission
- In the Apps Script editor, open Project Settings and add a Script Property named
SCREENSHOT_API_KEYwith your provider-issued key. Do not put the key in source code or log it. - Run the function and approve the requested Apps Script permissions.
UrlFetchApprequires thehttps://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.external_requestscope. If your project explicitly declares OAuth scopes inappsscript.json, include that scope. - Keep access to the Apps Script project limited to people who are allowed to use its stored credential.
The Apps Script permission authorizes outbound requests; it does not authenticate you with the screenshot provider. That service may separately require an API key, OAuth, or another method.
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Send the request body in the format the API expects
For JSON APIs, set contentType: 'application/json' and serialize the object with JSON.stringify(). Do not assume a screenshot API accepts JSON POST: some use query parameters or other request formats. Likewise, call JSON.parse() only when the provider says its successful response is JSON.
Handle the screenshot response
The correct response handling depends on the provider’s contract. A service may return PNG, JPEG, or WebP bytes directly; JSON containing a download URL; or an asynchronous job identifier whose result must be collected later. A screenshot API is not guaranteed to return an image in the initial response.
When the API returns image bytes
For a documented binary response, use the response blob rather than trying to parse the image as text. For example, after checking the status code:
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const imageBlob = response.getBlob().setName('screenshot.png');
DriveApp.createFile(imageBlob);Use a filename and extension matching the format the provider actually returns. Check the provider’s documented content type or response metadata where available; do not label JPEG or WebP bytes as PNG.
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If success returns JSON, parse it and follow its documented schema. For a returned download URL, fetch that URL only if the provider’s instructions permit it and the URL remains valid. For asynchronous jobs, submit the request, retain the returned job ID, and poll only at the documented interval or use a supported webhook. Avoid long sleep loops: Apps Script execution has a six-minute maximum per execution, so polling can consume the available runtime quickly.
Provider-specific example: ScreenshotCenter
ScreenshotCenter’s provider-hosted automation document demonstrates POST https://api.screenshotcenter.com/v1/screenshot, with X-API-KEY, Content-Type: application/json, and a JSON body containing a target url. It also describes optional steps such as click, type, wait, and screenshot, plus hide_popups, hide_ads, and video options. The document describes submitting a job and collecting its result through polling or a webhook. These details describe that provider’s example, not a standard shared by screenshot APIs; confirm its current response schema, account access, and terms in the ScreenshotCenter automation document.
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ScreenshotNeo offers a screenshot API and MCP server. From Apps Script, a GET request can save the returned image bytes directly to Drive:
function screenshotWithScreenshotNeo() {
const accessKey = PropertiesService.getScriptProperties()
.getProperty('SCREENSHOTNEO_ACCESS_KEY');
if (!accessKey) throw new Error('Set SCREENSHOTNEO_ACCESS_KEY in Script Properties.');
const response = UrlFetchApp.fetch('https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot', {
method: 'get',
headers: { access_key: accessKey },
payload: { url: 'https://example.com' },
muteHttpExceptions: true
});
const status = response.getResponseCode();
if (status < 200 || status >= 300) {
throw new Error(`ScreenshotNeo returned ${status}: ${response.getContentText()}`);
}
const blob = response.getBlob().setName('screenshot.webp');
return DriveApp.createFile(blob).getUrl();
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Quotas, response limits, and reliability
At the time Google’s quotas page was last updated, 2026-09-03, it listed 20,000 URL Fetch calls per day for consumer accounts and 100,000 for Workspace accounts. It listed a six-minute maximum runtime per execution for both, plus a 50 MB maximum URL Fetch response and POST size per call. Google says quotas may change; check the current Apps Script quotas page before deploying. Google also lists limits of 100 headers, 8 KB total header size, and 2 KB URL length.
- Quotas are per user and, according to Google, reset 24 hours after the first request; limits may be changed or reduced.
- A large screenshot may exceed the response-size limit. Consider a smaller viewport or output when the provider supports it, or use a workflow that stores the result without returning an oversized payload to Apps Script.
- For batches, account for both the provider’s rate limits and Apps Script’s URL Fetch quota and execution time. Do not assume a provider limit from another service applies.
- UrlFetch requests use Google’s network infrastructure. If a provider restricts source IPs, its allowlist must account for Google’s published IP ranges; those requests do not originate from a fixed personal IP.
- For APIs that take time to render, avoid waiting synchronously for many jobs in one execution. Use provider-supported async jobs or webhooks, or split work across executions.
Troubleshoot common failures
Authorization prompt or missing scope
If the script reports insufficient authorization or cannot make the request, authorize the project and confirm the explicit manifest includes https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.external_request. This Apps Script scope is separate from the provider API key.
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HTTP 401 or 403
Check that the credential is present, current, and sent exactly where the provider expects it—header, query parameter, or another documented mechanism. Do not assume X-API-KEY is universal. Also verify the account has access to the endpoint and that any provider-side restrictions allow the request.
HTTP 400 or 415
Inspect the response body captured with muteHttpExceptions: true. A 400 commonly indicates an invalid field or request value; a 415 can indicate the wrong content type. Compare the method, content type, and payload shape with the provider’s current documentation.
Script throws before you can inspect the response
Set muteHttpExceptions: true during diagnosis, then read getResponseCode() and getContentText(). Handle non-2xx responses before parsing JSON so an error page or plain-text message is not mistaken for a successful result.
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Invalid JSON or a corrupt image
Do not parse a binary response as text or assume a successful response is JSON. Confirm the documented success format and use getBlob() for direct image bytes. If saving to Drive, give the file an extension that matches the actual output format.
Timeouts or slow batch runs
First test one public target with the provider’s simplest request, then add interaction or output options. A slow page, long provider render, or repeated polling can exhaust the six-minute Apps Script execution limit. Reduce batch size and use asynchronous collection only where the provider documents it.
Provider rejects the request by IP
Apps Script requests come from a pool of Google IP ranges. If the screenshot service uses source-IP allowlisting, consult Google’s published ranges and the provider’s current requirements; do not configure a single assumed Apps Script IP.
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- Keep API credentials in Script Properties or another appropriate secret store, limit project access, and never print keys into execution logs or error messages.
- Use only targets you are authorized to capture. The target website’s rules and the screenshot provider’s terms can affect whether a capture is permitted.
- For OAuth-protected APIs, implement the provider’s documented OAuth flow rather than assuming Apps Script supplies authentication automatically. Google’s external API guide discusses OAuth libraries and service-account authentication for some use cases.
- Check provider retention and data-processing terms before sending URLs, credentials, or other sensitive request data.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Google Apps Script make HTTPS requests to a screenshot service?
Yes. Apps Script’s UrlFetch service supports HTTP and HTTPS requests through `UrlFetchApp.fetch()`.
Does every screenshot API return an image file directly?
No. The service may instead return JSON, a download URL, or an asynchronous job ID; follow that provider’s documented response flow.
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