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A Go vanity import path is a stable, domain-based name that tells Go where to find a module. Caddy or Nginx can serve the small HTML discovery response Go needs; they do not become a module proxy unless they also forward or implement the Go module proxy protocol. The key setup choice is whether the metadata points to a Git repository or to a GOPROXY-compatible module service.
How Go resolves a vanity import path
When Go encounters a module path such as go.example.com/team/tool, it requests that path over HTTP(S) and looks for a go-import meta tag in the returned HTML document’s <head>. The Go Modules Reference says: “The server must respond with an HTML document containing a <meta> tag in the document’s <head>.”
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The tag has three required fields: the import-path root, a VCS name or mod, and a repository or proxy URL. For example:
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<meta name="go-import" content="go.example.com/team/tool git https://github.com/example/tool">Here, git directs Go to the Git repository. A module-proxy mapping uses mod and names the service that speaks the Go module proxy protocol:
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<meta name="go-import" content="go.example.com/team/tool mod https://modules.example.com">These domains and repository locations are illustrative. Replace them with values you control. The repository URL must include a scheme and must not include a .vcs qualifier.
Choose the backend before writing the response
- Git mapping: Go uses the discovered repository URL to retrieve source. Use this when the vanity path should lead to a VCS repository.
modmapping: Go makes module-protocol requests, such as version-list and archive requests, to the named module service. That service must actually support the GOPROXY protocol; a discovery page alone does not serve module archives.
A module proxy can be implemented separately—for example, the Go reference describes a minimal proxy serving module files from a module cache and using go mod download to obtain missing modules. The web-server examples below only provide discovery metadata.
Choose a response strategy
| Decision | Option | Use it when |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery response | Static HTML from Caddy or Nginx | The mapping is fixed and does not need to vary by request. |
| Discovery response | Generated HTML from an upstream app | The metadata must vary by path or configuration and operating an application is worthwhile. |
| Module source | VCS mapping such as git |
Go should retrieve source from a repository. |
| Module source | mod mapping |
Go should retrieve module data from a GOPROXY-compatible service. |
| Front end | Caddy or Nginx | Choose based on your existing deployment and configuration conventions. The cited documentation does not establish a performance ranking. |
Build a static discovery endpoint with Caddy
Caddy’s respond directive can return a fixed body. This illustrative Caddyfile returns the Git mapping for the exact path and its descendants:
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go.example.com {
@tool path /team/tool /team/tool/*
header @tool Content-Type text/html
respond @tool "<!doctype html><html><head><meta name="go-import" content="go.example.com/team/tool git https://github.com/example/tool"><title>Go module discovery</title></head><body>Go module discovery endpoint</body></html>" 200
}The response body is deliberately small. Keep the metadata near the start of the head, before any script or style content: Go uses a restricted parser and may not find a tag placed later. The mapping root here is go.example.com/team/tool, which is a prefix of requests such as go.example.com/team/tool/subpkg.
If you prefer a file rather than an inline response, Caddy’s file_server directive can serve a document from a site root. Ensure the requested discovery paths resolve to HTML containing the right tag; a general homepage that lacks it is not sufficient. For a generated response, use Caddy’s reverse_proxy directive to pass requests to an application that returns the metadata.
Caddy sorts directives by default, so configurations that combine matchers, rewrites, file serving, and proxying can behave differently from their textual order. Its route directive preserves literal handler order. Keep a static endpoint uncomplicated; when combining handlers, make their order explicit where needed and inspect the adapted configuration. Caddy’s reverse proxy passes incoming headers through by default, including Host, with exceptions for forwarded headers such as X-Forwarded-For, X-Forwarded-Proto, and X-Forwarded-Host; do not assume these defaults match Nginx’s.
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Build a static discovery endpoint with Nginx
Nginx’s return directive can emit fixed HTML. This illustrative configuration uses separate locations for the exact root and paths beneath it, so the mapping also answers Go’s possible prefix-verification request:
server {
server_name go.example.com;
location = /team/tool {
default_type text/html;
return 200 '<!doctype html><html><head><meta name="go-import" content="go.example.com/team/tool git https://github.com/example/tool"><title>Go module discovery</title></head><body>Go module discovery endpoint</body></html>';
}
location ^~ /team/tool/ {
default_type text/html;
return 200 '<!doctype html><html><head><meta name="go-import" content="go.example.com/team/tool git https://github.com/example/tool"><title>Go module discovery</title></head><body>Go module discovery endpoint</body></html>';
}
}The exact and descendant locations intentionally return the same metadata. If you instead generate the response in an application, Nginx’s proxy_pass directive can forward the request. Nginx’s core module documentation covers location selection and try_files, which may be useful when serving a file-based endpoint.
This is an illustrative server-block fragment, not a complete production deployment: TLS, certificate management, logging, access policy, and surrounding routing are environment-specific. Validate the configuration against the Nginx version and server block you actually deploy.
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Make the path and metadata agree
The first tag field is the import-path root. It must exactly match the requested module path or be a valid prefix of it. If it is only a prefix, Go makes another request at that root to verify the metadata. That means the endpoint must return consistent metadata both for the deeper requested path and for the root verification request; serving the tag only at one of those URLs can break resolution.
A repository can also hold a module in a subdirectory. The optional subdirectory field in go-import metadata is recognized only by Go 1.25 and later. Earlier Go versions ignore it, so a module mapping that depends on this field requires Go 1.25+ among its users. If you need to support earlier versions, do not rely on that field for repository layout.
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- Check the endpoint response. Request both the full module path and the declared root, for example with
curl -i https://go.example.com/team/toolandcurl -i https://go.example.com/team/tool/subpkg. Confirm that the response is HTML and contains the same, correctly rooted tag near the start of the head. If the root equals the requested path, the second URL is not needed; otherwise check the prefix root too. - Ask Go to resolve the module. From a temporary module or other suitable Go module context, run
GOPROXY=direct go list -m -versions go.example.com/team/tool. This asks Go to use direct resolution rather than the configured module proxy. A successful metadata response does not by itself prove that the Git repository or module service contains usable versions. - Check the selected backend. For a
gittag, confirm that the repository URL is reachable and has the expected module path and versions. Formod, confirm that the named service responds to Go module-protocol requests. These are separate checks from whether the vanity endpoint serves its HTML correctly. - Inspect failures at both layers. A missing or malformed tag points to the discovery response, a root/prefix mismatch points to path mapping, and a backend error points to the repository or proxy service. Review server and upstream logs alongside the HTTP responses.
Protect private module paths from unintended disclosure
Go’s default proxy configuration contacts proxy.golang.org before direct retrieval and sends the requested module path. Changing the vanity domain does not by itself prevent that disclosure. For private modules, configure Go’s privacy-related environment settings according to your organization’s policy. For example, GOPRIVATE=go.example.com/* marks matching paths as private and supplies defaults for GONOPROXY and GONOSUMDB; review those settings and any explicit overrides alongside your GOPROXY configuration. The Go Modules Reference documents how these settings affect proxy and checksum database use.
Use HTTPS for public vanity endpoints. The Go reference allows insecure schemes only when the module path matches GOINSECURE; that exception is not a substitute for HTTPS where secure transport is available.
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