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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteTo protect a ROM collection, first make a separate copy of the files you cannot afford to lose, then configure synchronization for the exact folders and data types your emulator uses. Sync keeps devices up to date; it is not a substitute for a recoverable backup, because unwanted deletions and overwrites can sync too.
What to include in a ROM collection backup
A game library is often spread across several folders. Before copying files or turning on sync, identify what your setup stores and where. Depending on the emulator and frontend, that may include:
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- ROM files.
- Battery saves, sometimes called save files.
- Save states, which are separate from in-game battery saves.
- Emulator configuration and core-specific settings.
- BIOS or other system files.
- Playlists, artwork, and frontend metadata.
Do not assume that one emulator’s sync feature covers everything. For example, RetroArch Cloud Sync has separate categories for save files and states, configuration, thumbnails, and system files. Its guide says the main retroarch.cfg file and playlist files named content_*.lpl are excluded. A successful sync therefore does not necessarily preserve your playlists or all library metadata. RetroArch Cloud Sync guide
Make an independent backup before syncing
Copy the source folders to a separate location before reorganizing them or connecting devices. Keep this baseline copy outside the folders being synchronized: otherwise a mistake or deletion may be replicated to the backup as well. External storage can serve as a straightforward removable copy; EmuDeck also documents using external storage for ROM folders, though that does not make any particular storage device a tested or universal recommendation. EmuDeck FAQ for SteamOS
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After copying, check that the expected folders and files are present. For stronger confidence, restore a sample save or game file to a temporary location and confirm that it is readable. A copy that has never been checked is not a verified recovery plan.
Choose a sync approach that fits your setup
| Option | Best fit | Storage model | What to check |
|---|---|---|---|
| RetroArch Cloud Sync | A collection primarily managed in RetroArch | WebDAV, iCloud, or iCloud Drive, depending on platform | Enable the intended categories, match save and state folder sorting, review conflicts, and account for excluded configuration and playlist files. RetroArch guide |
| Syncthing | Sharing selected folders directly between devices | Peer-to-peer exchange when devices are online together; Syncthing says it does not upload data to the cloud | Choose the correct folders and paths, verify devices connect, and keep a separate backup because deletions can propagate. Syncthing FAQ |
| Manual copy to external storage | An independent backup or a one-time move | Local removable storage | Keep it separate from live sync and verify that a sample file can be restored. |
Compare options by emulator coverage, whether a server or cloud provider is needed, path compatibility, how simultaneous edits and deletions are handled, whether recoverable versions are available, and how much setup you want to maintain.
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Set up RetroArch Cloud Sync carefully
RetroArch’s guide lists WebDAV for supported platforms and iCloud or iCloud Drive for Apple platforms. It describes “Save Files & States” as including .srm game saves and save states; that category is enabled by default. Configuration is also enabled by default, while thumbnails and system files are off by default. System files may be large, so enable only the categories you intend to sync. RetroArch Cloud Sync guide
- Configure the same cloud-sync backend for each device you want to use.
- Review the Cloud Sync categories and enable the data you need. Do not rely on this feature for
retroarch.cfgorcontent_*.lplplaylists; the guide says those are excluded. - Make the “Sort Saves into Folders” and “Sort Save States into Folders” settings match on every device. RetroArch’s guide says the settings need to match by core name and content directory for files to merge correctly.
- After syncing, inspect the destination folders and review any conflict files. RetroArch compares local and server manifests; when both copies change since the previous sync, it records a conflict rather than automatically overwriting either version. Resolve those files manually.
- When finishing a play session, use “Close Content,” return to RetroArch’s main menu, and then quit so the latest saves can sync. Libretro’s guide gives this as the recommended shutdown sequence.
RetroArch’s “Destructive Cloud Sync” setting also matters. When it is off, files that would otherwise be deleted or overwritten are backed up locally under a cloud_backups path. This is a useful recovery safeguard, but it does not replace the independent baseline copy.
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Sync with Syncthing without treating it as backup
Syncthing can replicate selected ROM and emulator-data folders between devices. Its FAQ says it exchanges data across machines when they are online at the same time, rather than uploading it to cloud storage. File creation, changes, and deletions on one machine are replicated to the others. Syncthing FAQ
- Add only the folders you intend to share, and confirm that each device maps them to paths the emulator actually uses.
- Check that the devices have connected and that the expected files arrived before relying on the second device.
- Keep an independent backup or configure a separate versioning method: replicated deletions and unwanted changes can spread to every synced device.
- Do not assume every filesystem attribute travels with the files. Syncthing always syncs file contents and modification times; permissions and other attributes depend on the platform, filesystem, and settings, and some link or metadata types are not preserved in all cases.
Syncthing also stores its own configuration, cryptographic keys, and an index database containing file metadata and hashes. Its documented Unix-like default locations have changed over time, so older setup instructions may point to outdated configuration paths. Syncthing configuration documentation
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Make paths consistent when moving between devices
A file can transfer successfully but remain invisible to a game if the emulator expects a different folder or naming layout. Verify both the sync destination and the emulator’s configured save and state directories. Match folder-sorting rules where the emulator requires them, and check that the right core or emulator is being used to open the game.
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For one specific example, EmuDeck’s SteamOS RetroArch documentation shows save and state symlinks under Emulation/saves/retroarch/ pointing into $HOME/.var/app/org.libretro.RetroArch/config/retroarch/. On Steam Deck, $HOME is /home/deck, and .var is hidden by default. These are EmuDeck/SteamOS paths, not universal RetroArch locations; other systems and installation choices can use different paths. EmuDeck RetroArch on SteamOS
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Do not assume that moving a save state to another emulator, core, or version will make it load. The cited documentation does not establish cross-emulator save-state compatibility. Preserve the original files and test compatibility before relying on a migrated state.
Prevent conflicts by avoiding simultaneous writes
Do not play from the same synchronized RetroArch library on multiple devices at once. If two devices change a save after the last sync, the versions can conflict and require manual resolution. Finish the session on one device, close the content, allow syncing to finish, and only then start on another device.
Verify that you can recover the collection
- Confirm that ROMs, battery saves, save states, configuration, BIOS/system files, playlists, artwork, and frontend metadata are accounted for separately where applicable.
- Check that files exist in the paths the emulator expects on each device.
- Inspect sync status and conflict reports, but treat a completed transfer as proof only that selected data moved—not that every category, metadata item, or emulator compatibility issue is covered.
- Restore a sample from the independent backup and verify it before depending on the backup for recovery.
Steam Cloud should not be treated as a general ROM-folder backup. Steamworks describes it as a feature configured by supported Steam applications for their own file groups, not an automatic service for arbitrary ROM folders or emulator data. Steamworks Cloud documentation
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