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SSH into the VPS, make sure the current MongoDB Shell (mongosh) is installed, and run mongosh. With no options, it connects to MongoDB on localhost:27017. The same connection written as a URI is mongosh "mongodb://localhost:27017". From there, use the appropriate host, port, credentials, TLS option, and database name for your deployment.
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What you need before opening the shell
mongosh is a command-line client. It does not install MongoDB or start the database server; it connects to a deployment that is already running. MongoDB’s documented connection procedures assume that the shell is installed before you begin.
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- An SSH account that can reach the Linux VPS.
- The
mongoshexecutable installed on the VPS, or on another machine from which you will connect. - The deployment’s hostname or IP address and listening port.
- Credentials and the authentication database when access control is enabled.
- Any TLS requirements, certificate material, replica-set details, or cloud connection URI required by the deployment.
After connecting over SSH, check that the command is available. Running mongosh --version is a quick way to confirm that the shell can be invoked. If the command is missing, install the MongoDB Shell package appropriate for your Linux distribution and then reconnect or open a new terminal so the executable is on your PATH. The shell version and the MongoDB server version are separate concerns: installing mongosh gives you the client, while the server must still be running and reachable.
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mongoshWith no options, mongosh targets localhost on port 27017. This is equivalent to:
mongosh "mongodb://localhost:27017"A successful connection opens an interactive prompt. Commands entered there are evaluated against the connected deployment. If your server uses a different port, or if the process is not listening on the local default, the no-option form will fail even though MongoDB may be running.
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| Situation | Command form | What it selects |
|---|---|---|
| Local deployment on the default port | mongosh |
localhost:27017 |
| Local deployment on another port | mongosh "mongodb://localhost:28015" or mongosh --port 28015 |
Local host, port 28015 |
| Named host and port in a URI | mongosh "mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:28015" |
The host and port written in the URI |
| Named host and port as options | mongosh --host mongodb0.example.com --port 28015 |
The host and port supplied as separate options |
| Authentication enabled | mongosh "mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:28015" --username alice --authenticationDatabase admin |
The deployment, user alice, and authentication database admin |
| TLS required | Add --tls, or add ?tls=true to the URI |
An encrypted TLS connection |
| Atlas or another SRV deployment | Use its mongodb+srv:// URI |
SRV-based discovery; TLS is enabled automatically |
| Start in a named database | mongosh "mongodb://localhost:27017/qa" |
Database qa instead of the default test |
If a port is omitted for a host-based connection, mongosh uses 27017. A URI is usually easiest to save in deployment documentation because it keeps the host, port, database, and options together; command-line options can be clearer when you are changing one value for a single session.
Connect to a non-default local port
MongoDB installations do not all use port 27017. Substitute the port on which your local server listens:
mongosh "mongodb://localhost:28015"The equivalent option-based form is:
mongosh --port 28015These commands differ only in how the port is expressed. If one fails, verify the configured listening port and that the server process is running; changing the shell command cannot make an unavailable listener accept connections. When troubleshooting, first try the explicit URI so the destination is unambiguous, then check whether a local firewall or service policy is preventing access.
Connect to another host
Use a resolvable DNS name or IP address for a MongoDB process on another machine. A URI example is:
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mongosh "mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:28015"The same destination can be written with separate options:
mongosh --host mongodb0.example.com --port 28015When --port is omitted, the shell assumes port 27017:
mongosh --host mongodb0.example.comRemote access has more failure points than a local connection. The hostname must resolve from the VPS, the selected port must be reachable through network controls, and MongoDB must be listening on an interface reachable from your source. A successful SSH session proves only that SSH is reachable; it does not prove that the MongoDB port is open.
For a replica set or another multi-host topology, use the connection URI supplied by the administrator or deployment platform. Such URIs carry the host list and topology options that a single-host command cannot express reliably. Do not replace a published multi-host URI with one member’s address unless you have confirmed that this is the intended connection method.
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When access control is enabled, provide the username and the database against which that username is authenticated. For example:
mongosh "mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:28015" --username alice --authenticationDatabase admin--authenticationDatabase admin means that the credentials for alice are looked up in the admin database. It does not force your application work to occur in admin; the authentication database and the database you query can be different.
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After you run the command, mongosh prompts for the password and hides the characters as you type. This interactive prompt is preferable to placing a password directly in a command line, because command history and process listings can expose literal secrets. If your operational policy requires a URI containing credentials, protect the URI as a secret and avoid storing it in shell history, tickets, or shared documentation.
If authentication fails, check all three pieces together: the exact username, the authentication database, and the host you reached. A user created in one authentication database is not automatically found in another. An otherwise correct password will still fail if the shell is pointed at a different deployment or if the server expects a different authentication mechanism.
Use TLS when the deployment requires encryption
Add the --tls option to an option-based connection:
mongosh --host mongodb0.example.com --port 28015 --tlsWith a URI, append the TLS query option:
mongosh "mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:28015/?tls=true"A mongodb+srv:// URI automatically enables TLS. Use the complete SRV URI provided for the deployment rather than converting it to a guessed host-and-port string; SRV records can identify the appropriate hosts and connection settings.
TLS changes transport security, not authorization. You may still need --username, --authenticationDatabase, and the password prompt. Conversely, supplying credentials does not turn an unencrypted connection into a TLS connection. If a TLS handshake fails, confirm that the deployment requires TLS, that the hostname in the URI matches the certificate identity, and that any required trust or client-certificate settings supplied by the administrator are present.
Open a particular database immediately
Put the database name after the host and port in the URI:
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mongosh "mongodb://localhost:27017/qa"This starts the session with qa as the selected database. If no database appears in the URI, the shell uses test by default. Selecting a database changes the context for commands that operate on the current database; it does not create a new database merely by naming it in the URI.
You can combine a database path with authentication and TLS parameters in the same URI. Keep the path before the query portion, then add options such as ?tls=true; credentials supplied through command options still require the appropriate authentication database.
Confirm which deployment you reached
After the prompt appears, run:
db.getMongo()This reports the active MongoDB connection object, allowing you to verify the host and connection details rather than relying on memory about which VPS or port your terminal is using. Make this check especially important when several environments share similar names, when an SSH tunnel or proxy is involved, or when you connected with a long URI containing multiple options.
If the reported destination is not the one you intended, leave the session, correct the URI or options, and reconnect. Do not run administrative or data-changing commands until the destination is confirmed.
Troubleshoot the most common connection failures
“mongosh: command not found”
The shell is not installed or is not on the current user’s PATH. Install mongosh using the package source appropriate for the VPS distribution, then verify with mongosh --version. If another user can run it but you cannot, compare their PATH and installation permissions rather than changing the MongoDB server configuration.
Connection refused on localhost
The process may be stopped, listening on a different port, or bound somewhere other than the address you selected. Test the explicit port form, such as mongosh "mongodb://localhost:28015", after confirming the server’s configured listener. A refusal is different from an authentication error: the shell has not reached a server that can ask for credentials.
Timeout or unreachable remote host
Check DNS resolution from the VPS, the host and port in the command, and network controls between the VPS and MongoDB. A remote deployment may intentionally accept connections only from an allowlist or private network. If the server is reachable only through a secure network path, use the connection method approved by its administrator instead of exposing a database port publicly.
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Re-run the command with the exact username and --authenticationDatabase expected by the deployment, then enter the password at the prompt. Check that you did not connect to a staging or production host with a similarly named account. A successful TCP connection does not establish that the supplied user has permission to read or modify a particular database.
TLS or certificate error
Confirm whether TLS is mandatory and that you used --tls or ?tls=true. For SRV connections, remember that TLS is enabled automatically. Certificate validation can still fail when the hostname is wrong, the server certificate is not trusted by the VPS, or the deployment requires client-side certificate settings that are missing. Obtain the exact TLS requirements from the MongoDB administrator or hosting platform rather than disabling verification as a shortcut.
You connected but are in the wrong database
Inspect the URI for a database path. No path selects test; adding /qa, for example, selects qa at startup. Authentication can still occur against admin or another authentication database, so distinguish the database in the URI from the database named by --authenticationDatabase.
Connection choices at a glance
- Same VPS, default setup: use
mongosh. - Same VPS, custom port: use a URI with that port or
--port. - Different server: specify
--hostand the port, or use a complete URI. - Protected deployment: add the username and authentication database, then answer the hidden password prompt.
- Encrypted transport: add
--tlsor?tls=true; an SRV URI enables TLS automatically. - Specific working database: append its name to the URI path; otherwise the shell starts with
test. - Replica set or cloud SRV topology: use the deployment’s supplied URI so discovery and topology options are preserved.
Leave the shell safely
At the mongosh prompt, any of these exits the interactive session:
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Ctrl-Ctwice
Exiting mongosh does not stop MongoDB. It closes your client session and returns you to the VPS shell, where you can disconnect from SSH or perform another administrative task.
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