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Outbyte PC Repair FREERepair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Outbyte Driver Updater FREEScan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →“Super sponges” are covalent organic frameworks (COFs): porous crystals whose internal surfaces can adsorb gas molecules. A 2009 study examined COFs for hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide, reporting promising uptake—including some results above the metal-organic framework (MOF) candidates in its comparison. That made gas storage and carbon capture research possibilities, not commercial technologies already in use.
What are these “super sponges”?
COFs are crystalline structures made from light elements such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Ring-shaped building blocks connect through strong covalent bonds to form frameworks with pores. Chemistry World reported pore sizes of 9–32 Å in the materials covered by the 2009 story; that range is the news report’s figure, not an independent confirmation from the full study. Chemistry World’s 2009 report describes the materials and their potential gas-adsorption uses.
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Which gases did the study examine?
Hiroyasu Furukawa and Omar Yaghi studied how much hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide different COFs could adsorb. In the comparison reported by Chemistry World, some tested COFs had adsorption capacities above those of MOF candidates. This is a result reported for that study’s comparison—not evidence that COFs outperform MOFs for every gas, operating condition or application.
The underlying study is identified as H. Furukawa and colleagues’ 2009 paper in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, DOI 10.1021/ja9015765. Yaghi described the findings in the news report this way: “Our findings place COFs among the most porous and best adsorbents for these gases.”
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How could gas adsorption be useful?
Adsorption means gas molecules adhere to surfaces inside a material’s pores. A porous framework with substantial internal surface area might hold gas, potentially helping with compact storage or separating gases from a mixture. The 2009 report discussed lightweight hydrogen or methane storage and possible carbon dioxide capture as future prospects. It did not establish that COFs had become commercial fuel tanks or deployed carbon-capture systems.
What limits practical use?
Cost must justify the material
Andy Cooper, identified in the 2009 report as director of Liverpool’s Centre for Materials Discovery, said a new material would need to be sufficiently more efficient than carbon to justify its additional cost. This was his assessment at the time, not a comprehensive current engineering evaluation.
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Hydrogen presents a temperature challenge
Cooper also pointed to hydrogen’s low heat of sorption. In the report’s framing, hydrogen needs to be cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperatures to “stick” within framework materials. That comment captures a practical challenge highlighted in 2009; it should not be read as a complete account of present-day hydrogen-storage engineering.
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Yaghi argued that production scale-up should be relatively straightforward because the work used no exotic molecules and had produced multi-gram quantities in the lab. Those are the researcher’s reported reasons for optimism, not evidence that industrial-scale production or commercial storage systems followed. He said: “There are no exotic molecules involved so cost should not be prohibitive, and we have made multi-gram quantities in the lab, so industry should be able to scale up far more.”
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How are COFs different from MOFs?
COFs and MOFs are related porous-material families, but they are not interchangeable names. COFs are built from covalently linked organic components. MOFs contain metal ions or clusters connected by organic linkers.
A 2020 release from DGIST described a dual post-synthetic modification protocol for MOFs, intended to add functional groups and mesoscopic pores. It discussed potential uses in gas storage, separation, sensing and purification. That work is later context for porous materials, not a direct follow-up result for the COFs in the 2009 story. DGIST’s 2020 release concerns MOFs specifically.
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What would a fair material comparison require?
The 2009 news story does not provide a complete head-to-head dataset from which to rank candidate materials. A meaningful comparison would need to keep test conditions and practical trade-offs in view:
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- Adsorption capacity for the same gas at the same pressure and temperature.
- Material density and usable volumetric storage, not just uptake by mass.
- Energy needed to release or regenerate the material, including heat of sorption.
- Selectivity when gases are mixed, plus durability and moisture tolerance.
- The cost of the material and the process needed to make and use it.
Without comparable measurements across those factors, a high uptake in one reported test does not by itself show which material would work best in a real storage or capture system.
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