A control plane can produce a genuine, signed record and still leave out a consequential event. If its recorder does not recognize the category used by the system being observed, the event may never make it into the claim. A signature can establish who produced a record; it cannot prove that the recorder knew every category it needed to describe.
How a record can be authentic but incomplete
Control planes often make decisions and emit evidence about those decisions. For that evidence to describe events accurately, the recording component must understand the same vocabulary as the component that classifies them. If those vocabularies drift apart, the recorder may treat a real event as irrelevant or unknown.
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This is a semantic-completeness problem, not necessarily a record-tampering problem. A cryptographic signature can help establish the integrity and origin of the bytes that were signed. It does not establish that every relevant event was recognized before those bytes were created.
The cMCP example: two category vocabularies
In a September 21, 2026 article, Imran Siddique describes cMCP as a governance gateway in front of MCP servers. He says it evaluates tool calls against Cedar policy and, in hardware deployments, measures installed code, policy, and configuration for inclusion in attestation evidence. The article distinguishes hardware-attested claims from software-mode signed claims and says the claim identifies which mode applies. These are Siddique’s descriptions; they are not independently verified here. Read Siddique’s article.
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Siddique’s example concerns sensitivity-domain crossings in session records. He reports that cMCP 0.4.1 used a hand-written recorder set, {"pii", "phi", "pci", "restricted"}, while the runtime vocabulary included public, pii, confidential, hipaa_phi, mnpi, and trade_secret. The sets intersected only on pii, according to the article.
That difference matters when the recorder’s decision depends on recognizing a category. Siddique says a HIPAA PHI read followed by an external-tool call could fail to register as a crossing under the 0.4.1 mismatch. The event path might therefore be absent from the evidence even if the record accurately and validly represents what the recorder emitted.
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Siddique reports that cMCP 0.5.0 derived the recorder set from a shared COMPLIANCE_DOMAINS vocabulary while retaining legacy spellings. This version history and the stated behavior are claims in his article, not independently audited release findings.
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A vocabulary mismatch becomes harder to notice when unknown categories fall through quietly. Siddique notes that an unknown value can receive a rank-zero fallback in a fail-open lookup. In that kind of path, an unrecognized category may not trigger an obvious error; it can simply fail to contribute to the claim.
Review the actual branch behavior rather than assuming every unknown value is rejected. A safer design makes uncertainty visible—for example, by failing closed where appropriate, quarantining the event, or recording an explicit unresolved state. Which behavior is suitable depends on the system’s requirements, but silently treating an unknown category as if it were safely understood can create a misleading impression of completeness.
Review a control plane for vocabulary drift
- Find category consumers. Search for literal sets, enums, maps, and membership checks containing category names. Include recorders, policy evaluation, ranking logic, and evidence generation.
- Locate the authoritative vocabulary. Identify where the categories are defined and which component or team owns changes to them.
- Compare the sets. Record their intersection and list values present on only one side. A shared value does not establish that the full vocabularies agree.
- Trace the unknown branch. Determine whether an unfamiliar value causes an error, is quarantined, receives an explicit unresolved state, or silently falls through.
- Test for future drift. Add a regression test that fails when one vocabulary changes without the other consumer being updated. A test that merely confirms today’s sets agree will not detect tomorrow’s divergence unless it enforces that relationship.
- Verify evidence against the event path. Check that the events the system handled appear as expected in emitted records. Do not use a valid signature as a substitute for this semantic check.
What signatures establish—and what they do not
Integrity and completeness answer different questions. A signature can support confidence that a claim came from its stated producer and has not been altered since signing. Completeness depends on how the producer observed, classified, and encoded the underlying events. If an event was dropped before serialization because its category was unknown, signing the resulting claim does not restore it.
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The broader lesson applies beyond one recorder or one policy mechanism: validating one component does not automatically protect a neighboring component that can fail in the same way. Shared vocabulary ownership reduces the opportunity for drift, while explicit unknown-value handling and drift-sensitive tests help make omissions detectable.
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