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CCS Explained: What the Combined Charging System Means for EV Charging

CCS combines AC and DC charging in an EV charging system. Learn what the connector variants mean, how communication fits in, and what standards cover.
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The Combined Charging System (CCS) is an electric-vehicle charging system that brings AC and DC charging together through a vehicle inlet, charging equipment, control functions, and communication between the vehicle and charger. It is more than a plug: the term also covers how charging is controlled and how the two sides communicate.

What does CCS mean in EV charging?

CCS stands for Combined Charging System. CharIN describes it as an integrated solution for AC and DC charging. In CharIN’s 2023 guide, “Within CCS Basic, conductive AC and DC charging is combined in a single vehicle inlet.” The guide is an overview, not a substitute for applicable standards.

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Why CCS is more than a connector

A CCS implementation includes the vehicle inlet and connector interface, charging control, and communication between the vehicle and charging infrastructure. The inlet provides the physical connection, while signaling and communication support the charging process. CharIN’s CCS FAQ explains the system at a high level and notes that its answers are not legally binding or a replacement for standards.

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How CCS connector variants differ by region

CCS extends an AC connector interface with two additional contacts for DC charging in the combined vehicle inlet. CharIN’s guide gives these regional examples:

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Regional example AC interface DC interface
United States framing Type 1 Combo 1
European framing Type 2 Combo 2

These are examples, not a guarantee that a vehicle or charger will work together. Check the actual vehicle inlet, the charging functions it supports, and the charging equipment configuration. Connector shape alone does not establish compatibility.

How AC and DC charging fit into the system

In the combined inlet, AC and DC charging use different contact arrangements and control considerations. The CCS Basic guide identifies AC connection configurations and a separate pair of DC contacts. It describes basic signaling using PWM and high-level communication using power-line communication (PLC) for DC charging. The physical presence of contacts does not, by itself, establish the charging capability or performance of a particular vehicle or charger.

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Which standards define CCS-related requirements?

CCS sits within a broader standards framework. CharIN references standards for charging equipment, connector interfaces, and vehicle-to-charger communication. The relevant specification depends on the function being addressed:

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  • IEC 61851: charging equipment and related requirements. The IEC catalog says IEC 61851-1:2017 covers EV supply equipment characteristics, connection to the vehicle, and electrical safety; that edition includes requirements for combined AC and DC use on the same contacts.
  • IEC 62196: connector interfaces, as referenced in CharIN’s standards overview.
  • ISO/IEC 15118 and DIN SPEC 70121: communication standards referenced by CharIN for CCS.
  • IEC 61851-24:2023: digital communication between DC charging equipment and an electric road vehicle to control conductive DC power transfer, as described in the IEC catalog.

CharIN’s 2023 CCS Basic guide is version 1.1.1.1, dated 2023-10-10, and expressly says complete requirements must be taken from the relevant national and international standards. For engineering or compliance work, consult the applicable current standards rather than relying on an overview.

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How to check whether a CCS charger fits a vehicle

Use the vehicle and charging-equipment documentation rather than the CCS label alone. Check the inlet type and region, whether the vehicle supports AC charging, DC charging, or both through that inlet, and whether the charger’s configuration and communication are supported by the vehicle. For a specific compatibility decision, use the vehicle and equipment manufacturers’ documentation; the standards determine requirements but do not establish fit for every product combination.

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