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Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Yes. Carbon capture can cut cement-plant CO₂ emissions by treating exhaust from the kiln, including emissions released when limestone is converted into clinker—not just emissions from burning fuel. But capture is not yet a widely replicated solution: projects need substantial investment, transport and durable storage for the captured CO₂, and customers willing to buy lower-emissions cement. It works best alongside measures that reduce how much clinker and energy the industry needs.
Why cement is difficult to decarbonize
Cement production emits CO₂ in two main ways. Kilns burn fuel to provide heat, creating combustion emissions. Separately, making clinker—the key intermediate in most cement—requires heating limestone, which releases CO₂ through a chemical reaction. Replacing fossil fuel can reduce the first source, but it does not eliminate the process emissions from limestone. That is why deep cuts require more than cleaner kiln energy.
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Carbon capture is designed to separate CO₂ from industrial exhaust before it reaches the atmosphere. A capture system can treat exhaust containing both process and combustion emissions. The captured gas then needs to be transported and either permanently stored or used in a way that demonstrably prevents its release. A capture unit alone does not establish a durable emissions reduction.
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Post-combustion solvent capture
One proposed approach uses a chemical solvent to remove CO₂ from flue gas after combustion. The U.S. National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) describes a front-end engineering design (FEED) study for a commercial-scale retrofit at the modernized Mitchell Cement Plant in Indiana. The design specifies the Kansai Mitsubishi Carbon Dioxide Recovery Process and KS-21 amine solvent. Its target is approximately 2 million tonnes of CO₂ per year, equivalent to 95% of that plant’s emissions. Those figures are design objectives—not measured performance from an operating plant. NETL’s Mitchell Cement Plant Carbon Capture FEED description provides the project details.
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Capture must connect to transport and storage
For Mitchell, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) describes an integrated proposal for capture, transport and geologic storage beneath the plant property. The DOE project page lists a federal cost share of up to $500 million, but also warns that projects under award negotiation are not guaranteed funding until an agreement is executed. A proposed route and storage site are important parts of the project; they are not proof that the full chain is built, permitted or operating. DOE’s cement and concrete project summaries state the project status and caveat.
Where projects stand—and what the numbers mean
There is an important milestone: an International Energy Agency (IEA) summary for 2026 reports that the first large-scale cement plant with carbon capture began operating in Norway in 2025, capturing around half of its emissions. That establishes an operating example, not a record of its subsequent uptime or annual captured volume, nor evidence that the approach has already been replicated widely.
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Pipeline figures depend on the report date and project category. The IEA’s Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 reported about 35 million tonnes (Mt) of near-zero-emissions cement capacity for 2030, a 30% increase from the previous year. It separately counted about 7 Mt of capacity in projects categorized as near-zero-emissions capable; that is a different category, not an additional amount to treat as near-zero capacity. A 2026 IEA summary for Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 reports about 55 Mt of announced near-zero cement capacity, of which around 20 Mt is at an advanced stage. These are figures from different report vintages and classifications, so they should not be read as a like-for-like year-on-year increase or as operating output.
The IEA’s CCUS Projects Database, whose latest dataset is listed as updated in March 2026, tracks large-scale capture, transport, storage and utilization projects that are commissioned or in planning. Inclusion in a project database, like an announcement, is not the same as a final investment decision or an operating result.
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Two U.S. proposals combine capture with other measures
| Project | Described approach and figure | Status and qualification |
|---|---|---|
| Mitchell Cement Plant, Indiana | Proposed post-combustion capture, transport and geologic storage; designed for approximately 2 million tonnes of CO₂ per year, or 95% of plant emissions. | NETL FEED design target for a proposed retrofit, not operating performance. DOE lists up to $500 million in federal cost share and cautions that projects under award negotiation are not guaranteed funding until an agreement is executed. |
| Lebec Net Zero Project, California | Combines biomass substitution, limestone calcined clay cement and capture and sequestration; DOE estimates 950,000 metric tons per year of remaining emissions to be captured and sequestered. | Proposal described by DOE; the stated figure is estimated remaining emissions for the project, not a measured capture result. |
The two proposals illustrate why project figures need their scope and status attached: one is a capture design target expressed as a share and annual capacity, while the other combines several interventions and reports estimated remaining emissions. Neither should be presented as proof of routine commercial performance. See DOE’s project descriptions for their stated approaches and qualifications.
Why cost, infrastructure and buyers matter
The IEA estimates that early commercial near-zero-emissions cement plants using carbon capture could have production costs 75–150% higher than conventional plants, with the premium varying by region. This is a plant production-cost comparison, not a universal cost per tonne of CO₂ captured. The estimate uses regional averages and 2024 energy prices, accounts for differences in energy inputs and costs, and excludes explicit policy support such as carbon pricing or subsidies. It therefore should not be applied as a precise bill for every project or as a capture-only cost.
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The IEA identifies a project pipeline that falls short of the pace needed for its 2030 net-zero scenario, limited demand for near-zero cement, and weak representation of emerging and developing economies among projects. Capture plants also depend on infrastructure beyond the kiln: CO₂ transport, storage capacity, permitting and financing need to align. A plant can capture CO₂ in principle, but without a workable route to durable storage the climate benefit is incomplete.
Market rules affect whether companies will invest. The IEA points to clear, interoperable definitions of near-zero cement, robust emissions accounting, public procurement and purchase commitments, firm offtake, and financial and technical assistance for first-of-a-kind projects. These measures can help buyers compare products and give producers a reason to take on early project risk.
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Capture needs to work alongside reductions in cement demand and clinker
Capture addresses emissions at the plant, but other changes can reduce the amount that must be captured or avoid emissions in the first place. The IEA identifies material efficiency and greater use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) alongside capture as ways that could potentially lower transition costs. SCMs can replace some clinker in cement, while material efficiency can reduce the quantity of cement or concrete needed for a given function. Alternative fuels and lower clinker use also complement capture; they do not remove the need to address the process CO₂ released by limestone.
The DOE’s Lebec proposal is an example of a combined approach: it pairs biomass substitution and limestone calcined clay cement with capture and sequestration rather than relying on capture alone. The practical mix will depend on the plant, available materials and fuel, product requirements, and access to transport and storage.
What to check when evaluating a capture claim
- Project stage: distinguish a study or selection from award execution, a final investment decision, construction, commissioning and operation.
- Target versus result: a design percentage or nameplate capacity is not measured annual capture, uptime or verified performance.
- Emissions scope: check whether the figure covers process CO₂, combustion emissions, a particular exhaust stream or the whole plant.
- Transport and storage: look for a specified route and storage site, and whether infrastructure is committed and permitted. Capture without durable storage is not a complete emissions-cut claim.
- Product accounting: ask how the cement’s emissions are defined and verified, and whether claims such as “near-zero” use transparent, comparable accounting.
- Complementary measures: check whether lower clinker content, material efficiency, SCMs and fuel changes are included, and how much each contributes.
Public support is testing options, not proving commercial performance
On January 14, 2025, DOE announced $101 million for five test-center projects intended to evaluate carbon capture, removal and conversion technologies across industrial and utility settings. The announcement named the University of Illinois and Holcim US among organizations planning centers related to cement. DOE said the funding is subject to appropriations; the announcement is not evidence that every center is operating or that a commercial cement capture design has been proven. DOE’s announcement describes the funding and its conditions.
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