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Build this as three protocol-specific entry points—a conventional HTTP forwarder, an HTTPS CONNECT tunnel, and a SOCKS5 TCP CONNECT handler—over shared dialing, destination policy, logging, metrics, and shutdown code. Go’s net/http proxy support is for clients making outbound requests; configuring a Transport to use a proxy does not create an inbound proxy server.
Decide what the proxy will support
Keep each protocol’s wire handling separate. HTTP forwarding sends an HTTP request through the proxy to an origin. HTTPS proxying normally begins with CONNECT, then relays a tunnel. SOCKS5 negotiates a method and then receives a command and destination. They can share policy and connection-relay components, but they are not interchangeable request paths.
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Go’s net/http documentation describes outbound proxy support for HTTP, HTTPS, and SOCKS5 proxy schemes. That is client behavior, not a complete inbound HTTP-and-SOCKS5 server. Treat the handlers below as an implementation design, not a feature supplied by net/http or a tested library recipe.
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- HTTP: accept and forward ordinary HTTP proxy requests.
- HTTPS: support
CONNECTtunneling without terminating the client’s TLS session. - SOCKS5: a basic TCP proxy can implement
CONNECTand reject unsupported commands. That is not full SOCKS5 command coverage. - Authentication: state which methods are accepted. SOCKS5 username/password authentication is separately specified by RFC 1929 and does not encrypt those credentials.
- Address handling: decide whether IPv4, domain names, and IPv6 are supported, and whether names are resolved by the proxy or elsewhere.
How do I build an HTTP proxy in Go?
Parse, authorize, dial, and forward
For a conventional HTTP proxy request, validate the requested destination before opening a connection. Apply destination and port policy, dial with a context and explicit timeouts, forward the request and response, and close resources on every path. Preserve the request semantics expected by the origin; do not treat arbitrary client-supplied destinations as trusted input.
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A maintainable layout keeps protocol handlers separate from common services. For example, HTTP and SOCKS5 handlers can both call a destination-policy function and a context-aware dialer, while the HTTP handler remains responsible for parsing and forwarding HTTP messages.
type Destination struct {
Host string
Port string
}
type Policy interface {
Allow(ctx context.Context, protocol string, dst Destination) error
}
type Dialer interface {
DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
}This is an architectural sketch, not a complete proxy. In particular, it leaves request parsing, response handling, authentication, and policy rules to the implementation. Reject malformed authorities and disallowed destinations before dialing; return errors without exposing credentials or other secrets.
Protect the proxy from becoming an open relay
Decide which clients may connect and which destinations and ports they may reach. Require appropriate access controls for untrusted networks; an unauthenticated proxy reachable by arbitrary clients can be abused. Apply connection and request timeouts, cap resource use, and make shutdown close listeners and active connections in a controlled way. These are operational design recommendations, not a complete policy prescribed by Go’s documentation.
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How do I support HTTPS CONNECT in a Go proxy?
Treat CONNECT as a tunnel
A client asks the proxy to connect to an authority such as example.com:443. Validate that authority and its port, apply destination policy, and establish the upstream connection. Only after the connection succeeds should the proxy report success to the client. Then relay bytes in both directions until either side closes or the request is cancelled.
After a successful tunnel is established, the client’s TLS session is with the destination, not the proxy. The proxy relays encrypted bytes and cannot inspect encrypted application content merely because it supports HTTPS proxying. Inspecting that content would require a separate TLS-interception design, which is outside this tunnel implementation.
Keep tunnel lifecycle handling explicit
- Handle
CONNECTseparately from ordinary HTTP forwarding; it changes the connection from request/response handling to a bidirectional byte stream. - Use bounded dialing and a cancellation-aware lifecycle so a stalled upstream cannot hold resources indefinitely.
- Close both sides when relay ends, and account for errors from either direction.
- Test failed upstream dials, disallowed destinations, client disconnects, and shutdown while tunnels are active.
Go’s transport documentation describes the client-side use of CONNECT for HTTPS targets. It does not provide an inbound tunnel server implementation.
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How do I add SOCKS5 support to a Go proxy?
Implement negotiation before relaying
RFC 1928 defines SOCKS Version 5 method negotiation, a request containing a command and destination, and a reply with a status and bound-address information. Its address forms include IPv4, a domain name, and IPv6; its commands include CONNECT, BIND, and UDP ASSOCIATE.
- Read and validate the client’s SOCKS version and offered authentication methods.
- Select a method the server actually supports, or reject the negotiation if none is acceptable.
- Read the request, including its command and address type; reject malformed or unsupported values with protocol-appropriate replies.
- For supported TCP
CONNECT, apply destination policy and dial the destination. - Send the appropriate success or failure reply, then relay the TCP stream only after a successful connection.
If the implementation supports only TCP CONNECT, reject BIND and UDP ASSOCIATE; do not claim complete SOCKS5 command coverage. Be equally explicit about supported address types and where domain-name resolution occurs. RFC 1928 is the protocol authority; RFC 1929 separately describes username/password authentication.
How should HTTP and SOCKS5 share code?
Share the parts that have the same job, not the protocol parsing. A useful boundary is to have each handler produce a validated destination and protocol identity, then call shared policy, dialing, connection accounting, and lifecycle code. HTTP forwarding still needs HTTP message handling; CONNECT and SOCKS5 each need their own negotiation or tunnel setup.
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- Protocol handlers: parse and validate the HTTP request, CONNECT authority, or SOCKS5 negotiation and command.
- Destination policy: apply client authorization and permitted-host and port rules consistently.
- Dialing: use context-aware connection attempts with explicit timeouts.
- Relay and cleanup: centralize bidirectional copying and ensure both connections are closed on completion, cancellation, or error.
- Observability: emit protocol-neutral lifecycle events with protocol-specific outcomes.
How do I add logging and Prometheus metrics?
Log lifecycle events without secrets
Use structured events for connection or request start and finish, protocol, outcome, duration, and a safely normalized destination when policy allows. Do not log authorization headers, SOCKS credentials, or payload data. If destinations can contain sensitive information, redact or omit them and document that behavior. The sources do not prescribe a required Go logging package.
Instrument bounded metrics
The Prometheus Go guide documents an official Go client library, custom application metrics, a /metrics endpoint using promhttp, and scrape configuration. It states: “Prometheus has an official Go client library that you can use to instrument Go applications.”
Useful starting metrics include accepted connections, failed connections, and duration observations. Keep labels bounded—for example, protocol and a small set of result classes. Do not use arbitrary hostnames, client IPs, or other high-cardinality values as labels.
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requests := prometheus.NewCounterVec(
prometheus.CounterOpts{
Name: "proxy_connections_total",
Help: "Proxy connections by protocol and result class.",
},
[]string{"protocol", "result"},
)
// Register the collector with the Prometheus registry used by the server.
// Serve the registered metrics handler on the metrics listener.Keep the metrics listener’s access policy deliberate: exposing operational metrics to every proxy client may reveal information about service activity. Configure Prometheus to scrape the metrics endpoint using the target address and job configuration appropriate to your deployment.
How do I run a Go proxy in Docker?
A safe container recipe depends on the chosen build, runtime, user, capabilities, health check, and exposed ports. The available source material does not establish current Docker guidance for those choices, so a prescriptive Dockerfile or production command would be unjustified here.
Before deploying a container, verify those choices against current official Docker documentation. Configure and document separately which listener accepts proxy traffic and which serves metrics; do not assume the two should be reachable by the same clients. Also carry the proxy’s destination policy, authentication, timeouts, and graceful-shutdown behavior into the runtime configuration. A container does not make an exposed or unauthenticated proxy safe by itself.
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What to test before exposing the proxy
- HTTP requests to allowed destinations succeed, while malformed requests and prohibited destinations are rejected.
CONNECTestablishes a tunnel only after a successful upstream dial, and the proxy does not claim to inspect end-to-end TLS traffic.- SOCKS5 negotiation rejects unsupported authentication methods, commands, and address types correctly.
- Client disconnects, upstream failures, timeouts, and shutdown close connections and produce useful outcome logs.
- Metrics distinguish protocols and result classes without labels that grow with arbitrary hosts or client addresses.
- Container listeners and access controls match the intended network exposure after Docker settings have been checked against current official documentation.
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