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“Ultrasound” is a metaphor, not a sound astronomers recorded from space. The observations of PDS 70 used light, infrared emission and millimeter radio emission to study two forming planets and their surrounding disk. No acoustic waves from the planets were detected or heard.
What astronomers observed at PDS 70
PDS 70 is a young star surrounded by a disk of gas and dust, where planets are taking shape. The two confirmed giant, Jupiter-like protoplanets in the system are called PDS 70b and PDS 70c. In 2018, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) reported the first confirmed image of a newborn planet caught in the act of forming—PDS 70b. In 2020, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) described PDS 70 as the first known multiplanetary system in which astronomers could witness planet formation in action, following confirmation of both planets. Those are distinct, dated milestones; neither means these were the first planets ever discovered.
The observations were not a recording of a planetary birth. They were measurements of electromagnetic radiation, analyzed to distinguish the planets from the bright disk around them.
How the planets were detected
Visible and infrared observations
ESO’s 2018 image of PDS 70b came from SPHERE, an instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Later, a Caltech team used the Keck II telescope with a new infrared pyramid wavefront sensor to improve adaptive-optics correction. The team also applied image analysis to separate faint planet emission from the surrounding disk, a challenging task because the disk itself is bright. The NSF account describes this work and quotes its astronomy program director, Peter Kurczynski: “New technology is a science multiplier.” His remark refers to the instruments’ ability to enable new investigations, not to sound.
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Millimeter observations of the disk
In follow-up observations reported in 2024, ALMA studied the PDS 70 disk at a wavelength of 3 mm. The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) gives the star’s distance as 367 light-years. ALMA detected a localized concentration of dust outside the known planets’ orbits. Researchers interpret it as a potential place where material for another planet could collect; it is not a confirmed third planet.
What the “ultrasound” headline does—and does not—mean
Ultrasound is sound above the range of human hearing. The PDS 70 reports describe telescope observations of light and millimeter radio emission, not acoustic waves or a sound signal. They do not establish a sound frequency, loudness or audio recording. Calling the observations an “ultrasound” may evoke the idea of seeing something otherwise hidden, but it should not be taken literally or attributed to a scientist: the cited reports do not describe the PDS 70 observations that way.
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Is PDS 70 the only system where planets have been seen forming?
No. In a March 2026 report, ESO described two forming planets around WISPIT 2, a different young star, calling it the second known system after PDS 70 in which two planets had been directly observed forming around their host star. WISPIT 2 is a separate system, not another name for PDS 70.
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Sources and further reading
- ESO: First Confirmed Image of Newborn Planet Caught with ESO’s VLT (2 July 2018)
- NSF: Astronomers confirm existence of two giant, newborn planets in PDS 70 system (20 May 2020)
- NAOJ: Planets Form Through Domino Effect (13 December 2024)
- ALMA Observatory: ALMA Reveals the Birthplace of a Planetary System (13 December 2024)
- ESO: A Solar System in the making? Two planets spotted forming in disc around young star (24 March 2026)
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