No—not on the evidence available. A Kansas State University analysis reported in March 2025 found that roughly two-thirds of 263 galaxies in the James Webb Space Telescope’s Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) appeared to rotate clockwise and one-third counterclockwise relative to the Milky Way. That imbalance is intriguing, but it is a result from a selected sample, not proof that the universe rotates or that our universe is inside a black hole.
What the JADES analysis found
Computer scientist Lior Shamir analyzed the apparent shapes of 263 galaxies observed by JWST in the JADES field. The paper, “The distribution of galaxy rotation in JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey,” was published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in March 2025. Kansas State University publicized the result on March 12, 2025.
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From the way the galaxies’ structures appeared on the images, about two-thirds seemed to spin clockwise and about one-third counterclockwise when compared with the Milky Way’s orientation. Shamir said the analysis was quantitative, while also arguing that the difference is visually apparent in the images.
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| Item | What was reported |
|---|---|
| Survey | JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) |
| Sample | 263 galaxies |
| Apparent clockwise rotation | Approximately two-thirds |
| Apparent counterclockwise rotation | Approximately one-third |
| Paper | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, March 2025 |
Why a 2-to-1 split is surprising
On large scales, the standard expectation is an approximately isotropic universe: there should be no preferred direction, so comparable samples should produce roughly even numbers of apparent clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies. A strong imbalance can therefore indicate either an unrecognized observational bias or a physical preferred axis.
That does not mean a 2-to-1 result automatically describes the entire cosmos. The statistical meaning depends on how galaxies were selected, how reliably their rotation directions can be classified, and whether independent observations reproduce the pattern.
The first explanation: a brightness and Doppler-selection bias
The less exotic explanation begins with the Milky Way itself. Our galaxy rotates, and that motion can Doppler-shift incoming light differently depending on the apparent rotation direction of a distant galaxy. In Shamir’s proposed scenario, one class of galaxies could appear slightly brighter than the other.
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A brightness difference could affect which objects make it into a telescope’s usable sample. If galaxies rotating in the opposite apparent direction are preferentially brightened, they could be overrepresented even if the underlying universe has an equal mix. This would be an observational selection effect, not evidence that the galaxies or the universe possess a common spin.
If that mechanism is confirmed, deep-universe distance measurements may need recalibration. Brightness is used in several astronomical distance methods, so a systematic directional bias could propagate into estimates of how far away galaxies are and how the universe has evolved. Shamir said such recalibration would be necessary if the brightness effect is real.
The second explanation: primordial rotation and black-hole cosmology
The more speculative interpretation is that the universe was born with a net rotation. In black-hole cosmology, the observable universe is hypothesized to be the interior of a black hole formed in a larger “parent” universe. The parent black hole’s angular momentum could be inherited as a preferred axis, influencing how matter later formed and how galaxies acquired their spin directions.
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Theoretical physicist Nikodem Poplawski described the idea this way: “A preferred axis in our universe, inherited by the axis of rotation of its parent black hole, might have influenced the rotation dynamics of galaxies, creating the observed clockwise-counterclockwise asymmetry.”
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| Question | Doppler-selection explanation | Primordial-rotation explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Physical mechanism | Milky Way motion changes the observed brightness of different apparent spin classes. | An early cosmic or parent-black-hole rotation creates a preferred axis. |
| Type of effect | Observational and potentially correctable. | Intrinsic to the universe’s initial conditions. |
| Distance measurements | Could require recalibration if brightness is systematically biased. | Would mainly challenge assumptions about large-scale isotropy and structure formation. |
| Current support | A proposed explanation for the sample imbalance, not established. | Highly speculative and not confirmed by this study. |
Why this does not prove we live inside a black hole
The reported observation is limited to a selected set of galaxies. Scientific American noted several important filters: the galaxies were near the Milky Way’s rotational pole, the analysis focused on face-on spiral galaxies, and objects whose rotation could not be determined were excluded.
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Those choices can matter. A sample concentrated in one region of the sky may not represent the whole sky, and selecting galaxies with clear spiral structure can introduce different biases from surveying all observable galaxy types. Removing ambiguous objects may also leave a sample that is easier to classify but less representative.
Independent surveys and analyses using other sky regions have not consistently found evidence for a rotating universe. The published analysis also did not provide enough methodological detail to determine how robust the result is to every filtering and classification choice. Until those checks are completed, the safest description is a puzzling asymmetry in one JADES sample.
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What would count as convincing follow-up evidence?
Several tests could separate a real cosmic signal from a measurement artifact:
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- Repeat the classification with larger JWST and non-JWST samples covering different regions of the sky.
- Include galaxies away from the Milky Way’s rotational pole and report results separately by sky position.
- Test whether the imbalance persists when face-on selection and other filters are changed.
- Measure whether brightness, redshift, or image-quality distributions differ between the two apparent spin classes.
- Use independent analysts and automated methods to check that human or software classification choices are not driving the result.
A persistent directional excess across independent surveys would be much harder to dismiss as a local selection effect. Even then, astronomers would need to determine whether the cause is Milky Way-related, instrumental, or genuinely cosmological.
What the finding means for cosmology right now
For now, the practical consequence is a question about measurement reliability, not a rewritten model of the universe. If the Doppler-selection explanation survives testing, astronomers may have to account for directional brightness biases when estimating distances in deep surveys. If an intrinsic preferred axis is eventually established, theories that assume large-scale isotropy would need revision.
Neither possibility has been established by the 263-galaxy analysis. Shamir himself said, “It is still not clear what causes this to happen, but there are two primary possible explanations.” The evidence supports further testing of an unusual pattern; it does not establish black-hole cosmology.
Bottom line: an unresolved galaxy-spin puzzle
JWST data produced a reported two-to-one imbalance in apparent galaxy rotation directions in a carefully selected JADES sample. That is worth investigating because an isotropic universe would normally yield a near-even split. The leading alternatives are a Milky Way-related Doppler brightness bias and a speculative primordial or black-hole-related cosmic rotation. Larger, independently analyzed surveys have not yet supplied compelling confirmation. Nothing in the current evidence proves that Earth, the Milky Way, or the observable universe is trapped inside a black hole.
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