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Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Set security headers at the server, hosting platform, or CDN that serves your Angular app—not in Angular component code. Start with a Content Security Policy (CSP) in report-only mode, review the violations it reveals, then enforce a policy tailored to the app’s resources. Add supporting headers for MIME handling, referrer data, and framing as appropriate. Angular describes CSP as “a defense-in-depth technique to prevent XSS”; it does not replace secure coding.
What Angular security headers do—and where to set them
Security headers are instructions sent with an HTTP response. Configure them in the web server, hosting service, reverse proxy, or CDN that delivers the application. Angular’s security settings can help its runtime work with a CSP, but they do not themselves make the server return that policy.
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A CSP tells browsers which sources and kinds of content an app may load or execute. Other headers address separate browser behaviors: for example, MIME-type interpretation, referrer information, and whether other sites may frame the app. These controls reduce risk; none guarantees that an application is secure.
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OWASP recommends sending CSP through an HTTP response header on all responses. A <meta> policy is a constrained fallback when response headers cannot be controlled; it does not support the full feature set. In particular, directives such as frame-ancestors, report-uri, and sandbox are ignored in a meta policy. See Angular’s security guidance and the OWASP Content Security Policy Cheat Sheet.
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Build a CSP that matches the application
Angular documents this minimal starting policy for a new app:
default-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'nonce-randomNonceGoesHere'; script-src 'self' 'nonce-randomNonceGoesHere';This is a starting point, not a production policy to copy blindly. The example nonce is illustrative: a real nonce must be unpredictable and unique for each response. Your app may also need directives for API connections, fonts, images, or trusted third-party services. Inventory what the app actually loads, then allow only the sources and behaviors it needs.
Prefer a restrictive policy over broad source lists. Avoid relying on unsafe allowances such as 'unsafe-inline' where possible; refactor inline event handlers and uses of eval() when they prevent a stricter policy. The right policy depends on the app’s features and deployment, so there is no universal Angular CSP.
Choose nonce or hash delivery to fit your hosting
| Approach | Best fit | What to account for |
|---|---|---|
| Per-response nonce | HTML generated dynamically at request time | Generate a random, unpredictable nonce for each response and use the same value in the CSP header and the HTML. Do not let a cache reuse nonce-bearing HTML across responses. |
| Hashes | Static content whose inline code is known at build time | Use hashes for the relevant static inline content; changes to that content require matching policy updates. |
MDN describes nonces as a fit for dynamic content and hashes as a fit for static content. The delivery model matters: if an origin generates nonce-bearing HTML and a CDN caches and replays it, the nonce can be reused. Generate it at the delivery edge or arrange for cached HTML to be transformed per response instead.
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Pass a nonce to Angular when HTML is rendered dynamically
If server-side templating can insert the response nonce into the root application element, Angular supports the ngCspNonce attribute. Alternatively, provide the runtime value through Angular’s CSP_NONCE injection token. In either case, the nonce Angular uses must match the one in the response policy. Never hard-code a nonce or reuse one across responses.
Use Angular’s static-hosting option carefully
For static hosting, Angular documents the security.autoCsp build option, which hashes inline scripts. It covers scripts only; style policy still needs separate attention. Do not embed a fixed nonce in a static page. If combining autoCsp with an HTTP header policy, follow Angular’s documented interaction rules rather than independently adding duplicate or incompatible script-src or default-src directives.
Roll out CSP without unexpectedly blocking the app
- Inventory the app’s resources. Identify scripts, styles, images, fonts, API endpoints, and third-party services used in the deployed app. Include the actual rendering and caching path.
- Draft the policy. Begin with Angular’s minimal example as a reference, then add only directives and sources supported by the inventory. Choose nonce or hash delivery to match how the HTML is produced.
- Send it as
Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only. This lets browsers report policy violations without blocking the resources, so you can see what the proposed rules would affect. - Review and resolve violations. Distinguish necessary app resources from unwanted or obsolete behavior. Adjust the policy or the app rather than blindly allowing every reported source. A reporting endpoint can help collect violations; MDN prefers
report-toover deprecatedreport-uri, but browser support for reporting features is incomplete, so check compatibility. - Enforce the policy. After legitimate requirements are accounted for, send the policy as
Content-Security-Policyand continue checking the app’s behavior and reports.
OWASP and MDN both recommend report-only as a precursor to enforcement. This staged process reduces the chance that a new policy blocks legitimate app features before you have identified them.
Consider Trusted Types for Angular applications
Angular also recommends Trusted Types enforcement as an additional XSS defense. Angular’s documented policy names correspond to particular features:
angularis used by Angular’s security-reviewed code.angular#bundlersupports Angular CLI lazy chunk bundling.angular#unsafe-bypassis needed when usingDomSanitizerbypass APIs.angular#unsafe-jitapplies to just-in-time compilation.angular#unsafe-upgradeapplies to AngularJS hybrid applications.
Allow only the policies required by the features your app actually uses. Browser support is not universal, so verify support against your target browsers before enforcing Trusted Types.
Add complementary response headers
| Header | Purpose and practical note |
|---|---|
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff |
Limits browsers’ MIME sniffing rather than trusting a file’s declared content type. |
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin |
Sets an explicit referrer policy. OWASP cites this as the modern-browser default; setting it explicitly makes the intended behavior clear. |
Content-Security-Policy: ...; frame-ancestors ... |
Controls which sites may embed the app in a frame. OWASP prefers CSP’s frame-ancestors where supported. |
X-Frame-Options |
An alternative framing header with a more limited role than CSP’s frame-ancestors. |
OWASP advises against setting X-XSS-Protection, including explicitly setting it to 0. Do not treat a collection of headers as a substitute for secure application design. See the OWASP HTTP Headers Cheat Sheet.
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