For a terminal gate-to-gate measure, calculate truck turnaround time by subtracting the actual terminal gate-in completion timestamp from the actual terminal gate-out completion timestamp for the same truck visit. The subtraction is simple; the critical modeling choice is defining which gate events count and keeping them tied to one visit.
Define the interval before calculating it
TIC 4.0 defines Truck Turnaround Time as the average time an external truck spends on a terminal during a carrier-visit process. Its start is completion of terminal gate-in; its endpoint is completion of terminal gate-out. The KPI applies to terminals, truck companies, trucks and gates, and can be expressed in minutes or hours. TIC 4.0’s Truck Turnaround Time definition names actual arrival-terminal-gate-end and departure-terminal-gate-end timestamps.
Do not silently substitute a port-gate boundary or a broader visit interval. TIC 4.0 describes a PortGate as a carrier passing port-gate or pre-gate facilities; entry and exit at that boundary may happen inbound or outbound. Some ports do not have a designated port gate, and their process may coincide with the terminal gate. Name the boundary in your event data and metric. TIC 4.0’s PortGate definition
Queueing outside a terminal is another distinct interval. PierPass distinguishes outside queue time, time inside the terminal and total visit time, with total visit time described as queue time plus terminal time. A terminal-gate-to-gate calculation therefore does not include the outside queue. PierPass’s explanation of truck visit time
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Model each event with its visit and meaning
A minimal event record should retain a stable identifier for the truck visit, the type of event, and its timestamp. A vehicle identifier and the originating system are useful additional fields. For example:
GateEvent
visit_id stable identifier for one truck visit
vehicle_id truck identity recorded by the facility
event_type GATE_IN, WEIGH_1, DOCK_IN, DOCK_OUT, WEIGH_2, GATE_OUT, etc.
event_at timestamp with an explicit timezone or offset
source reader, terminal operating system, or other sourceThe key is that visit_id identifies one carrier visit, not merely a truck that may enter the facility repeatedly. Event names should express what happened, and the timestamps should identify the completion moments used by the KPI. This is a practical data-model recommendation, not a schema mandated by TIC 4.0 or CODECO.
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CODECO, a UN/EDIFACT message, is a gate-in/gate-out report used to confirm delivery or pickup of specified containers by inland carriers. Terminals, depots and similar parties use it for electronic data interchange. Gate timestamps may also be recorded in a terminal operating system. These are plausible operational sources, not a guarantee that every facility uses the same fields or implementation. UNECE’s UN/EDIFACT message directory and a study describing terminal performance monitoring
Calculate elapsed time for each visit
- Group events by the stable
visit_id. - For each visit, select the actual timestamp marking completion of terminal gate-in.
- Select the actual timestamp marking completion of terminal gate-out for that same visit.
- Subtract the start from the end and convert the result to the unit you report.
for each visit_id:
start = actual timestamp for completion of terminal gate-in
end = actual timestamp for completion of terminal gate-out
turnaround_minutes = (end - start).total_seconds() / 60This calculation presumes a valid start/end pair, an end later than the start, and timestamps interpreted on a consistent time basis. Those are implementation assumptions to document; the KPI definition does not establish universal rules for duplicate scans, missing endpoints, clock corrections, timezone normalization or negative intervals. Decide how your system handles those cases rather than presenting a local cleanup rule as an industry standard.
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Keep intermediate events for operational analysis
Events such as weighbridge readings, dock entry and exit, and bay calls can help explain where time is spent within a visit. Keep them as separate event types instead of treating them as replacements for the gate-in and gate-out endpoints. They enable a more detailed breakdown, while the basic terminal turnaround interval remains the time between completion of terminal gate-in and completion of terminal gate-out. A published example data model likewise lists visit, vehicle and stage fields alongside gate and intermediate stages. Example gate-event data model
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Report enough context to make the figure comparable
Publish the boundary, unit, time period, aggregation method and any grouping with the result. TIC 4.0’s examples include hour, day, month and year buckets, with splits such as truck operator or flow type. Its KPI is an average per carrier visit; if a report instead uses a median, percentile or another statistic, label that clearly.
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- Boundary: terminal gate, port gate or another explicitly defined start and end.
- Queue treatment: whether the interval begins at terminal entry or includes an outside queue.
- Event semantics: whether timestamps represent completion of gate-in and gate-out, as in the TIC 4.0 definition.
- Aggregation: average per visit or another statistic, plus the relevant time bucket and operator or flow split.
APM Terminals describes its own truck turn-time calculation as running from a truck entering its gate until it leaves. That operator-specific description is consistent with a gate-to-gate measure, but it should not be treated as a universal boundary definition. APM Terminals’ truck turn-times page
When comparing facilities, align the boundary, queue inclusion, event meanings and aggregation first. If those differ, the figures measure different intervals even if both are called truck turnaround time.
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