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Freedom251 › Blog › HTTP security headers

Your Website Got an A in One Security Scanner and an F in Another. Now What?

By Freedom251 Team · · 4 min read

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Don’t choose a winner based on the letter grade. Security scanners test different parts of a website and apply their own scoring rules, so an A in one tool and an F in another may describe different checks—not a direct contradiction. Compare the reports’ targets, scan times, methods, and specific findings, then verify each finding before changing production settings.

Why security scanners can disagree

A grade summarizes only the tests and scoring rules used by that scanner. The same letter from two tools does not guarantee the same coverage or risk assessment, and a high score is not proof that a site is secure overall.

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They may test different security layers

Mozilla’s HTTP Observatory focuses on HTTP security tests and modifiers. SSL Labs evaluates certificate trust and TLS server configuration, including protocol support, key exchange, and cipher support. Those are distinct layers, so their grades are not directly comparable. OWASP likewise treats certificate, protocol, and cipher checks as one part of security testing, separate from other vulnerabilities.

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Their scoring rubrics differ

Mozilla’s published methodology starts sites at 100 points, subtracts points for failed tests, and can add bonuses if the score remains at least 90. Its published bands include 90–99 for an A and 0–24 for an F; bonuses can take the score as high as 145. Mozilla describes the bands and modifiers as essentially arbitrary, informed by professional feedback, and says modifiers may change. These figures explain the Observatory’s rubric, not a universal security scale. Mozilla’s scoring methodology

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SSL Labs describes a different process: it checks certificate validity and trust, assesses protocol, key-exchange, and cipher support, combines scores, then applies additional rules that can cap or change grades. In certain out-of-scope situations, it uses special grades, including for an untrusted certificate or a name mismatch. SSL Labs’ rating guide

A scan has blind spots

Mozilla says a high Observatory score cannot establish that a site is secure. The tool does not test every concern: examples outside its checks include outdated software, SQL injection, and vulnerable CMS plugins. As Mozilla puts it, “There are a lot of security considerations that we can’t test.” An Observatory A can therefore coexist with serious issues elsewhere; an F from another scanner does not, by itself, say what caused it. Mozilla HTTP Observatory FAQ

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How to triage the two reports

  1. Confirm the targets. Check the hostname, scheme (HTTP or HTTPS), port, and path in both reports. A scan of the root domain may not cover a subdomain or a particular application path. Record each scan time and any redirects.
  2. Identify what each scanner tests. Determine whether it checks HTTP headers and browser-facing controls, TLS certificates and protocols, DNS or email configuration, software vulnerabilities, or application behavior. Read the tool’s methodology rather than inferring coverage from its grade.
  3. Compare findings, not letters. For each reported issue, note the affected endpoint, evidence, severity, and the scanner’s explanation. A summary grade alone does not identify what needs fixing.
  4. Verify findings before making changes. Check the relevant server or application configuration and, where appropriate, use a second focused test. Don’t add headers or alter TLS settings blindly: Mozilla notes that the right controls, such as a Content Security Policy (CSP), can depend on the site. Its methodology says, “Individual developers will need to determine which ones are appropriate for their site.” Mozilla’s scoring methodology
  5. Prioritize confirmed risks. Consider exploitability, exposure, and business impact. A certificate trust failure or an exploitable vulnerability may need prompt attention, but the grades alone are not enough to rank the issues on your site.
  6. Rescan and preserve the evidence. After a change, rerun the relevant checks and keep the before-and-after findings. Confirm that the underlying issue is resolved and that site behavior still works; a changed letter alone is not enough.

How to decide which scanner matters for a finding

There is no single most trustworthy grade for every question. Use the scanner whose scope matches the issue, and assess the finding itself:

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  • For certificate trust or TLS configuration: examine the certificate, protocols, key exchange, or ciphers reported by a TLS-focused scan.
  • For HTTP headers or browser-facing controls: inspect the relevant response and the scanner’s explanation of the header or control.
  • For application vulnerabilities or outdated components: a remote configuration score may not test them; use an assessment designed for software and application behavior.

When comparing tools, keep five things in view: layer and test coverage; exact target and scan time; evidence and severity; scoring method and grade thresholds; and whether the scan is limited to remote configuration or also assesses application behavior and software vulnerabilities. OWASP’s Web Security Testing Guide treats TLS checks as one part of a broader testing picture.

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When the reports need expert review

If either report identifies a potentially exploitable vulnerability, a certificate or trust failure, or a change whose effects you cannot safely validate, seek help from a qualified web security professional. Share the scanner names, full finding details, affected endpoints, and scan times; without those details, the A/F split cannot establish which report is more relevant to your site’s risk.

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