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Yes. Recent studies report that women with autoimmune diseases more often than men say their symptoms were attributed to psychiatric or psychosomatic causes before diagnosis. In a University of Cambridge report on an international study of 6,607 people with autoimmune diseases, 43% of female participants and 33% of male participants reported a prior psychiatric attribution. These are participants’ accounts of their diagnostic experiences—not independently verified rates of clinical error, proof of a doctor’s intent, or evidence that every psychological explanation was wrong.
What the recent study found
The Cambridge report describes female participants as almost 50% more likely than male participants to report a psychiatric misdiagnosis, and nearly 75% more likely to report a psychosomatic misdiagnosis, after adjustment for factors including age, disease group, continent and household finances. Those adjusted comparisons are distinct from the headline figures of 43% and 33%: the headline figures are the proportions who reported a prior psychiatric attribution, while the adjusted findings compare likelihood after accounting for selected factors.
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Dr Melanie Sloan of the University of Cambridge and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, said: “Patients with autoimmune diseases can present with symptoms that can initially be difficult to explain medically, and sometimes it can take months or years before a diagnosis becomes clear.” The university’s 2026 report summarizes the international study and its findings.
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Separate studies point in a similar direction, but they cover different populations and outcomes. Their percentages should not be combined or treated as direct replications.
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| Study and population | Reported finding | Important qualification |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 conference abstract: 4,482 people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) | Women more often than men reported mental-health misdiagnoses (41% versus 28%) and psychosomatic misdiagnoses (31% versus 16%). | The online-recruited sample was 90% female and 87% white, limiting how well it represents other groups. Rheumatology abstract |
| 2020 exploratory online survey: 233 people with lupus or related systemic autoimmune diseases | Respondents reported a mean 6 years 11 months from symptoms to diagnosis; 76% reported at least one misdiagnosis. Mental-health or non-organic explanations accounted for 47% of reported misdiagnoses. | This selected, small survey is not a population estimate. Among respondents reporting mental-health or medically unexplained symptom misdiagnoses, 60% said those experiences made them less likely to seek care or report symptoms in future. Rheumatology Advances in Practice study |
What “psychological” or “psychosomatic” means here
The terms are related but not interchangeable. The studies report experiences described as psychiatric, mental-health, psychosomatic, medically unexplained or non-organic explanations. A report that symptoms were attributed to a psychological cause is not necessarily the same as receiving a diagnosis of a coexisting mental-health condition. Nor can a survey account establish, case by case, whether that explanation was mistaken at the time.
The evidence documents a difference in what participants report; it does not establish a single cause. Gendered assumptions, uncertainty during diagnosis and gaps in disease knowledge may all matter, but the studies do not prove that any one factor caused the disparity. Broader evidence offers context, not autoimmune-specific rates: the UK government’s women’s health survey records reported dismissal and repeated efforts to obtain diagnoses across conditions, while Victoria’s 2025 women’s pain inquiry gathered input from more than 13,000 contributors and includes autoimmune conditions among areas affected by pain-related bias. UK women’s health survey; Victorian Inquiry into Women’s Pain.
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Why attribution can be difficult
Autoimmune diseases can involve symptoms that are difficult to explain early in a diagnostic journey. The 2024 study of neuropsychiatric lupus highlights a two-sided risk: symptoms caused by lupus may be missed, but attributing all symptoms to lupus can also lead to inappropriate treatment. It discusses how limited objective evidence and factors such as gender, age and ethnicity can influence attribution. The practical goal is careful assessment of competing explanations—not assuming symptoms are psychological because a test is inconclusive, or assuming every symptom must be autoimmune. Neuropsychiatric lupus study, Rheumatology, 2024.
What to do if symptoms are dismissed
Persistent or changing symptoms deserve discussion with a qualified clinician, whether or not an autoimmune condition has already been diagnosed. It can help to organize the history and ask directly how possible explanations are being assessed.
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- Record when symptoms began, how they change, their effect on daily life and any patterns you have noticed. A journal can help organize this information, but it cannot diagnose a condition.
- At an appointment, describe the symptoms and their timeline in concrete terms. Ask what diagnoses are being considered, what evidence supports or weighs against them, and what would prompt further evaluation.
- If a psychological or psychosomatic explanation is raised, ask whether it is being considered alongside physical causes or as the main explanation, and how the next steps will address both possibilities.
- Seek another qualified clinical opinion if concerns remain unresolved. Do not stop prescribed mental-health care or assume new symptoms are autoimmune without medical assessment.
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