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What the growth in digital payments shows
The Government of India reported 22,167.90 crore retail digital-payment transactions in FY 2024–25, up from 16,416.02 crore in FY 2023–24. UPI accounted for 81% of retail digital transactions in FY 2024–25. These are transaction volumes, not counts of unique people: one person can make many payments. The government says it does not maintain demographic or geographic contribution data, so the figures do not establish which groups or regions drove the increase. (Ministry of Finance, 16 March 2026)
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The Reserve Bank of India’s Digital Payments Index is another measure of adoption and infrastructure, not a transaction count. The composite index stood at 465.33 in September 2024, compared with 445.50 in March 2024. (RBI, 29 January 2025)
Does greater use mean a higher chance of being scammed?
Not on the evidence available. More digital transactions create more opportunities for criminals to target users and payment flows, but the adoption figures do not measure the probability that a particular user will be defrauded. Nor do broad financial-cyber-fraud complaints establish that UPI use caused an increase in victimization.
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Keep the measures separate: transaction totals count payment activity; complaints count reports made through a particular channel; neither alone tells you how many unique people were victimized or the per-transaction risk. The cited government figures do not provide a UPI-only fraud rate that can be compared with UPI transaction volumes.
How to read India’s cyber-fraud figures
The Ministry of Home Affairs reported more than 6,589,201 financial-fraud complaints on the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (NCRP) from 2021 to 2025, with more than ₹55,050 crore reported and more than ₹8,189 crore marked as lien. These figures cover financial cyber fraud broadly; they are not identified as UPI-only. A complaint is not a conviction, and an amount reported or marked as lien is not necessarily money returned to a victim. (Ministry of Home Affairs, 21 July 2026)
Separately, the Ministry said the Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management System (CFCFRMS) had saved more than ₹11,158 crore across more than 32.80 lakh complaints by 30 June 2026. This is a government-reported system-wide figure, not a promise that an individual report will result in recovery. The same release distinguishes NCRP/CFCFRMS reporting from registered crime data: the latest National Crime Records Bureau report available at that time covered 2024, and State and Union Territory law-enforcement agencies handle investigation and subsequent case action.
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In its 2024–25 Annual Report, the RBI said digital payments (card and internet) accounted for the majority of bank fraud cases by number, while advances accounted for most of the fraud value. That is not a UPI-specific finding. The RBI also notes that the cases classified during the year can include frauds relating to earlier financial years that were reported afresh, and that amounts involved do not necessarily represent losses incurred. These figures should not be read as a tally of UPI scam losses. (RBI Annual Report 2024–25)
What safeguards exist—and what they cannot guarantee
Government sources describe safeguards including device binding, PIN-based two-factor authentication, daily transaction limits, and restrictions on certain use cases. NPCI also provides banks with an AI/ML-based fraud-monitoring solution that can generate alerts and decline suspicious transactions. These controls can help manage risk, but they do not mean every fraudulent transaction will be detected or blocked. (Ministry of Finance)
How to protect a UPI payment
- Keep your UPI PIN private. NPCI says, “Please do not share your UPI-PIN with anyone,” and says your bank’s customer support will never ask for it. (NPCI UPI FAQ)
- Check before authorizing. Verify the payee and payment details on screen before entering your PIN.
- Pause when a request is unexpected or urgent. Verify it through a trusted, independent channel rather than relying on a caller or message to establish that it is genuine.
- If you suspect fraud, act immediately. Contact your bank, call 1930, and report the incident through the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. Prompt reporting can help trigger action, but it does not guarantee recovery.
What happens if you shared your PIN or see an unauthorized payment?
Contact your bank immediately and report the transaction. RBI directions make liability depend on the circumstances and how quickly the customer reports. In specified cases involving a third-party breach where neither the bank nor the customer is at fault, a customer has zero liability if they report within three working days of receiving the bank’s communication. If the customer’s negligence includes sharing payment credentials, the customer bears the loss until reporting; losses after the report are borne by the bank under the circular. The rules do not promise a refund in every dispute. (RBI customer-liability directions, 6 July 2017)
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