If you or your child may have encountered lead, move away from the suspected source, avoid disturbing paint or dust, and contact a healthcare provider to discuss a blood lead test. Lead exposure often causes no obvious immediate symptoms, so feeling well does not rule it out. If someone may have swallowed lead or has severe symptoms, contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or seek emergency care.
What should I do first?
- Stop further contact. Move away from the suspected material or area and keep children away. Do not scrape, sand, heat, or otherwise disturb suspect paint or dust; these actions can spread lead into the air or onto surfaces. CDC advises approved methods and EPA-certified contractors for repairs or hazard removal: CDC lead exposure prevention.
- Call a healthcare provider. Explain who may have been exposed and ask whether a blood lead test and follow-up are appropriate. A blood test is the best way to assess exposure; symptoms alone cannot establish whether exposure occurred. See CDC guidance on testing children for lead.
- Get urgent guidance for possible ingestion or serious illness. For suspected swallowing of lead-containing material, contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or a Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU) for guidance. Confusion, weakness, seizures, coma, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain in someone with a high blood lead level require hospital assessment. Call emergency services for an emergency. CDC’s clinical guidance describes these urgent situations.
- Write down what happened. Record the suspected source, when contact occurred, whether dust may have been inhaled or material swallowed, how long exposure may have lasted, the person’s age and pregnancy status, any symptoms, and possible work or hobby sources. This history can help guide testing and follow-up.
How can I tell whether I was exposed?
You generally cannot tell from appearance or how you feel. Many people with lead exposure have no immediate, noticeable symptoms. A blood lead test is the best way to assess exposure, especially for children, who can have elevated levels without visible signs. Healthcare providers and many local health departments can test children. Ask a clinician about testing for adults too; the right approach depends on the person’s circumstances.
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Consider possible contact with paint and household dust, soil, drinking water, certain foods or products, or dust brought home from work or hobbies. A suspected source raises the need to investigate, but does not by itself prove that lead entered someone’s body. Conversely, not knowing the source does not rule out exposure.
How are blood lead results interpreted?
For children, CDC’s Blood Lead Reference Value (BLRV) is 3.5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL). CDC uses it to identify children with blood lead levels higher than most children; it is not a line below which lead is harmless. The value appears in CDC’s clinical guidance, dated August 21, 2025.
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If a child’s initial test uses a finger or heel stick (a capillary sample) and the result is at or above 3.5 µg/dL, CDC recommends confirmation with a venous blood sample. Follow-up timing depends on the screening result; a clinician should use CDC’s current schedule rather than assume one timetable applies to every result. Increasing levels can lead to additional steps such as exposure-prevention advice, repeat testing, an exposure history, environmental investigation, or consultation with Poison Control or a PEHSU.
A child result of 45 µg/dL or higher calls for urgent clinician management. Hospital admission may be considered in circumstances specified by CDC, and chelation is a medical treatment that must be directed by clinicians. Do not try chelation or other treatment at home. Adult testing and care also require individualized clinical advice; the cited guidance does not establish one adult action threshold for this article.
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Where might the lead have come from?
Paint and household dust
Residential lead-based paint was banned in the United States in 1978, so homes built before then may contain it. Peeling or damaged paint can create chips and dust, and renovation can spread dust. CDC describes wet-wiping windows and windowsills and wet-mopping floors as ways to reduce dust. This is routine cleaning, not a test for lead or a way to make a lead hazard safe. For repairs or renovation, use EPA-certified contractors and approved methods. CDC’s prevention guidance also notes that approximately 29 million U.S. housing units had lead-based paint hazards, including about 2.6 million homes with young children, in figures reported on its page updated July 30, 2024.
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Contaminated soil and drinking water are among the sources CDC identifies. Appearance cannot establish that soil or water is safe. Ask a healthcare provider or local health department what testing and source-specific next steps are appropriate for your location.
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Food, cosmetics, and traditional medicines
Some imported foods, spices, cosmetics, and traditional medicines can contain lead. You cannot identify lead by looking at or tasting an item. CDC says laboratory analysis is the only way to know for certain whether a product contains lead. Stop using a suspected item and discuss the possible exposure with a healthcare provider. See CDC prevention information.
Other consumer products
For an item that may contain lead, CDC says a certified laboratory can accurately test lead content. Do-it-yourself test kits do not show the amount of lead, and their reliability at low levels has not been established. Avoid relying on a home kit to determine that a product is safe. See CDC’s lead prevention guidance.
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Work and hobbies
Lead dust from some jobs and activities can travel home on clothing, shoes, tools, or other items. CDC lists building abatement, demolition, some glasswork or glaze work, and target shooting among possible sources. Tell the clinician about relevant work or hobbies and ask how to prevent dust from entering living areas. See CDC guidance on lead exposure from work and hobbies.
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How do I investigate and address a possible home source?
- Keep people away from the suspected area and avoid disturbing paint, dust, or other material while you arrange an assessment.
- Contact a qualified lead inspector or risk assessor if the home may be a source. A professional assessment can help determine whether lead is present and what action is suitable; a routine mop or visual check cannot establish that.
- Use qualified professionals for repairs or removal. CDC recommends EPA-certified contractors and approved methods to reduce the risk of spreading lead during work. For general guidance, see the CDC prevention page.
- If you rent, ask the landlord for inspection information and appropriate correction of hazards. A healthcare provider or local health department may also help identify relevant local services.
Which next step fits the situation?
| Situation | What to do |
|---|---|
| Severe symptoms or suspected swallowing of lead | Contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or a PEHSU for guidance; seek emergency care for severe symptoms or an emergency. |
| Possible past contact but no emergency | Contact a healthcare provider and discuss whether blood testing is appropriate; note the likely source and timing. |
| Child’s capillary result at or above 3.5 µg/dL | Arrange venous confirmation and clinician-directed follow-up under CDC’s current schedule. |
| Home or environmental source suspected | Keep away from the material, avoid disturbing it, and ask a local health department or qualified lead professional about assessment. |
| Possible work or hobby source | Tell the healthcare provider about the activity and discuss steps to prevent carrying dust into the home. |
This table is a practical routing aid, not a way to grade exposure severity. The appropriate response depends on symptoms, who may have been exposed, the route and timing, and whether a result is a screening capillary sample or a confirmed venous sample.
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