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If a shop, restaurant, clinic or other merchant asks you to pay more because you chose UPI, ask for the displayed price and the reason for the extra amount. The Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 FAQ says merchants onboarded to accept UPI cannot pass Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) charges to customers. Save the price display, fee notice, receipt and UPI transaction details. If the merchant will not correct the charge, complain first through your payment app or bank and then use NPCI’s complaint-registration channel.
There is an important date qualification: the FAQ says the announced MDR framework takes effect on 15 October 2026. The information here is current to 13 October 2026, so that effective date had not yet arrived at the time of writing. Check the latest Ministry of Finance, Reserve Bank of India and NPCI notices if your payment is made on or after 15 October.
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First, check what the extra amount is for
A merchant may describe an added amount as a “UPI fee,” “digital-payment charge,” “convenience fee” or “MDR.” Those labels do not automatically prove that the amount is lawful or unlawful. Ask the cashier to identify the charge and show where it appears in the posted price or terms.
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Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →The government’s 8 August 2026 statement says consumers making UPI payments will not face transaction charges. The Department of Financial Services FAQ dated 15 September 2026 describes MDR as a charge on the merchant and states that it cannot be passed to the customer. It gives the following direct answer: “No, merchants on-boarded cannot pass on MDR charges to customers while accepting payments through UPI.”
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That statement concerns the merchant’s MDR. A differently named fee may require separate analysis, and the official material does not classify every possible “convenience” or platform fee. Do not assume that any amount added to a UPI checkout is automatically MDR, but do not accept an MDR surcharge merely because a merchant calls it a processing cost.
Know the date that applies to your payment
The announced framework’s effective date is 15 October 2026. If you are reading this before that date, avoid treating the new framework as already in force. If you paid on an earlier date, record that date when you complain and describe exactly what the merchant charged.
The Ministry’s FAQ also says that, under its standard terms, covered person-to-merchant (P2M) UPI transactions above ₹2,000 carry a 0.4% MDR, with a ₹300 cap for transactions of ₹75,000 and above. That is a merchant-side figure; it is not a fee that should be added to your bill.
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For context, a Ministry of Finance release says MDR on P2M UPI transactions was removed effective January 2020. That historical policy should not be used to erase the later 2026 announcement or its stated start date. Use the rule and official notice applicable to the date and payment type in question.
Distinguish the payment types before escalating
UPI is a payment rail, but the underlying transaction can differ. Include the payment type in your complaint because the FAQ distinguishes ordinary UPI payments from credit-linked UPI and identifies category-specific rates.
| Question | Why it matters | What to record |
|---|---|---|
| Was this a P2M payment? | A purchase from a shop or service provider is generally a merchant payment. The announced MDR figures concern covered P2M transactions. | Merchant name, QR or bill details, amount and transaction reference. |
| Was it a person-to-person transfer? | A transfer to an individual is not the same as paying an onboarded merchant. Do not describe a personal transfer as a merchant surcharge complaint. | Recipient type and the reason for payment. |
| Did you use a bank account or credit-linked UPI? | The FAQ says credit-linked UPI transactions are governed by separate credit-product rules. | The instrument shown in the app and the transaction description. |
| What category was the merchant? | The FAQ lists flat MDR categories including railways, telecom, insurance and fuel. | The merchant’s business category and any category-specific wording on the receipt. |
| How much was the transaction? | The stated standard rate applies to covered P2M payments above ₹2,000 and has a cap at ₹75,000 and above. | Exact rupee amount, not a rounded description. |
The FAQ says more than 95% of P2M volume is at or below ₹2,000. That statistic describes the volume referenced in the FAQ; it does not authorize a merchant to add a fee to a smaller payment.
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What to do while you are still at the counter
- Ask for an explanation. Say, “Is this amount part of the listed price, or is it being added because I am paying by UPI?” Ask the merchant to show the fee on the menu, rate card, invoice or displayed terms.
- State the issue clearly. If the explanation is MDR for accepting UPI, point out that the Ministry of Finance FAQ says merchants cannot pass MDR to customers. Ask to pay the displayed price using the same UPI transaction.
- Do not alter the amount yourself. Do not send a lower amount without confirming that the merchant will accept it, and do not send multiple test payments. A partial payment can create a separate dispute over whether the bill was settled.
- Capture evidence before leaving. Photograph the menu, shelf label, QR stand, fee notice or screen showing the price. If photography is not permitted, write down the wording, merchant name, location and time.
- Keep the transaction record. Save the app confirmation showing the date, amount, transaction ID or UPI reference, and the recipient or merchant name. Keep the printed or electronic receipt.
- Choose whether to complete the purchase. You may ask for another payment method or decline the transaction. Do not threaten staff or interfere with the merchant’s equipment; the goal is to preserve a clear, factual record.
If you already paid the surcharge
Start with the payment app or bank that handled the transaction. Use its help or dispute path for the specific UPI payment, not a generic account query. Explain that the merchant added an amount for accepting UPI, state the advertised price and charged price, and attach the receipt and screenshots.
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- date and time of purchase;
- merchant’s displayed price;
- extra amount and the merchant’s stated reason;
- total amount debited;
- UPI transaction ID or reference number;
- merchant name, location and category;
- what remedy you requested from the merchant.
If the app or bank does not resolve the matter, register the complaint through NPCI’s complaint system for the relevant member institution. NPCI says it forwards the complaint to the member, which is responsible for resolving it. Enter the transaction details exactly as shown in your app and keep the complaint number or confirmation.
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Neither the Ministry FAQ nor the NPCI description establishes a guaranteed refund, a fixed resolution deadline or a particular penalty for every surcharge complaint. Ask for the disputed amount to be reviewed, but do not promise yourself a specific outcome. Keep copies of every response and note when you submitted each complaint.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How the announced MDR figures work
The 0.4% figure is useful for identifying what a merchant may be referring to, but it does not convert into a customer fee. The following examples show the merchant-side arithmetic stated in the FAQ.
| Covered P2M transaction | 0.4% calculation | FAQ treatment |
|---|---|---|
| ₹2,000 | ₹8 | The standard rate is described for transactions above ₹2,000; this figure is not a customer charge. |
| ₹5,000 | ₹20 | MDR, if applicable under the framework, is a merchant charge and cannot be passed to the customer. |
| ₹50,000 | ₹200 | The same merchant-side principle applies. |
| ₹75,000 | ₹300 | The FAQ states a ₹300 per-transaction cap at ₹75,000 and above. |
| ₹100,000 | ₹400 before the cap | The stated cap limits the MDR to ₹300 for transactions of ₹75,000 and above. |
These calculations do not tell you whether a particular transaction is covered. The date, payment instrument, merchant category and transaction classification still matter. They also do not establish that a separate fee with another name is MDR.
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Exceptions and cases that need extra care
Credit-linked UPI
If you paid through a credit card or another credit-linked UPI product, identify that product in your records. The FAQ says credit-linked UPI transactions are covered by separate credit-product rules, so do not assume the ordinary bank-account UPI treatment answers every question about the transaction.
Flat-rate merchant categories
The FAQ names railways, telecom, insurance and fuel among categories with flat MDR treatment. A merchant in one of these categories may cite a category rule, but that still does not by itself show that the amount can be transferred to you. Ask for the exact basis of the charge and preserve the category shown on the bill.
Payments below or at ₹2,000
The announced standard rate is described for covered P2M transactions above ₹2,000. A merchant cannot use the threshold as a reason to add a customer fee to a smaller purchase. Record the amount and let the payment provider or NPCI member classify the transaction.
Convenience, service and platform fees
Some checkout systems display a service or convenience fee before payment. The inspected official material does not settle how every such fee should be classified. Look for clear disclosure before you authorize the payment, ask who imposes it, and do not relabel it as MDR unless the merchant actually says that is the reason.
Evidence checklist for a strong complaint
- Photo or screenshot of the displayed price.
- Photo or screenshot of any notice that says UPI attracts an extra charge.
- Itemized invoice or receipt showing the base price, added amount and total.
- UPI confirmation with transaction ID, date, amount and merchant name.
- Merchant details: business name, address, phone number if printed, and QR identifier if visible.
- A short account of what the cashier or merchant told you, written while the conversation is fresh.
- Copies of your messages to the merchant, payment app, bank or NPCI and their replies.
Do not post another person’s phone number, account information or full payment screenshot publicly. Share sensitive details only through the payment provider’s or NPCI’s official complaint interface, and redact unrelated personal data where the system allows.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Calling every added amount MDR. First ask what the fee represents and where it was disclosed.
- Ignoring the payment date. The announced framework starts on 15 October 2026, so date is part of the complaint.
- Leaving out the instrument. Bank-account UPI and credit-linked UPI may follow different rules.
- Complaining without the transaction reference. The app, bank and NPCI member need the payment details to locate the transaction.
- Expecting an automatic refund. The available official statements do not guarantee a particular remedy or timeline.
- Relying on an old January 2020 statement alone. Historical removal of MDR does not replace the later 2026 framework and its effective date.
Where to check for updates
Because the effective date is imminent, verify the current position in the Department of Financial Services and Ministry of Finance notices, relevant RBI communications and NPCI’s complaint guidance. Use the date of your payment and the exact wording of the latest notice when you submit a dispute. Official updates may clarify how a newly named fee, category or credit-linked product should be treated.
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