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Freedom251 › Blog › athlete mental health

What Support Should Women Athletes Receive After Online Harassment?

By Freedom251 Team · · 4 min read

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Women athletes facing online harassment should be offered immediate safety support, a clear and confidential safeguarding route, access to qualified mental-health or medical professionals when needed, and follow-up shaped around their choices. Their team or sports organization should make clear who is responsible and what happens after a report. If there is an urgent threat, local emergency help takes priority; a sports reporting process should not delay it.

Start by listening and checking immediate safety

Take the athlete seriously, listen without blame, and ask what would help them feel safer. Do not imply that posting, competing, or being visible online caused the abuse. The athlete should have a meaningful voice in decisions about their protection, consistent with the IOC’s safeguarding guidance.

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First establish whether there is an immediate threat or urgent mental-health concern. If so, help connect the athlete with appropriate emergency, law-enforcement, or safeguarding services for their location. The right route depends on local law and circumstances; do not wait for a club or federation complaint process when urgent protection is needed.

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Provide a clear, accessible reporting route

The relevant team, event, or federation should identify a named safeguarding contact and explain how to raise a concern. A sound process tells the athlete what information may be useful, who will see it, what confidentiality can and cannot mean, what the likely next steps are, and how they can receive updates. Reporting and referral options should be accessible, including written or in-person routes where available.

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Arrangements differ by organization. For example, the FIVB safeguarding information describes written or in-person reporting and confidential handling; that is an example of one federation’s process, not a guarantee that every organization offers the same protections. The IOC’s safeguarding guidance calls for policies to identify accountable personnel, explain violations and possible consequences, establish reporting and referral mechanisms, and provide advice and support information.

When choosing among available routes, consider whether the contact can respond promptly to safety concerns, whether the process explains next steps, whether qualified care can be accessed or arranged, and whether the athlete can shape protective decisions. Check the current contacts for the athlete’s team, federation, competition, and jurisdiction rather than relying on an event-specific page or assuming there is one universal hotline.

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Refer clinical needs to qualified professionals

Offer connection to a qualified mental-health professional when the athlete wants or needs it. A clinician can discuss how the online exposure is affecting the person’s wellbeing and performance, and whether changes in social-media use would help. Medical needs should likewise go to an appropriate health professional.

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Coaches, teammates, family members, and other entourage members can listen and help the athlete reach support, but should not try to assess or treat a disclosure unless qualified to do so. The IOC safeguarding guidance recommends referring clinical or investigative needs to relevant specialists. The specific professional or treatment should depend on the athlete’s circumstances; the guidance does not prescribe one provider or protocol for every case.

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Make support individualized and ongoing

Support should not end when a report is submitted. Agree on a follow-up plan with the athlete, check whether the response is helping, and revisit what they want as circumstances change. The IOC’s 2019 mental-health consensus describes multidisciplinary support as central to managing non-accidental violence. With the athlete’s agreement and appropriate attention to privacy, support may also be useful for teammates, family, or others in their entourage.

Social media can bring both harm and connection. The IOC’s 2026 mental-health consensus discusses potential harms including abuse, cyberbullying, negative body image, and disrupted sleep, while also recognizing social connection and support. That is a reason to ask how the platforms are affecting this individual athlete—not to prescribe a blanket withdrawal from social media.

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Keep responsibility with the organizations and platforms

Helping an athlete adjust privacy settings or limit exposure may be useful if they choose it, but it does not replace a safeguarding response. Sports organizations should own their reporting, referral, and support processes; platforms have their own moderation responsibilities. The IOC reports that it implemented a cyber-abuse detection and response service at the 2024 Olympic Games. That Games-specific example does not establish a universal, year-round service for athletes.

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The IOC safeguarding toolkit is intended to help sports organizations implement policies and includes a step-by-step approach, templates, research, case studies, and an athlete course described as free. It is an organizational resource, not an emergency service or personal counseling provider: IOC safeguarding toolkit.

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What the evidence does—and does not—say about prevalence

The sources cited here do not establish a directly applicable prevalence figure for online harassment among women athletes. The IOC’s 2024 safeguarding consensus reports heterogeneous study ranges for sexual violence in sport: 11%–78% in studies reporting sexual violence as sexual harassment and abuse, and 0.5%–12% in studies reporting sexual abuse alone. Those results use different definitions and do not measure online harassment among women athletes, so they should not be presented as its prevalence: IOC 2024 safeguarding consensus.

The IOC’s 2016 consensus also notes that the evidence base was comparatively young and some athlete groups were underrepresented. Findings should not be assumed to apply equally across sports, disability, sexuality, age, or geography. This overview is global; the appropriate legal, reporting, and clinical routes depend on the athlete’s location and organization.

What sports organizations should have in place

  • A named person accountable for receiving safeguarding concerns.
  • Accessible reporting and referral routes, with confidentiality limits and next steps explained clearly.
  • Advice and support for people involved, while preserving the athlete’s privacy and agency.
  • Referral to qualified professionals for clinical or investigative needs.
  • A follow-up process that can adapt to the athlete’s circumstances and preferences.

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athlete mental healthonline harassmentsafeguardingSocial Mediawomen in sport

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