The Kalvari class is the Indian Navy’s six-boat Project 75 series of conventionally propelled submarines. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) built all six in Mumbai under a technology-transfer arrangement with Naval Group, using the French company’s Scorpène design as the platform lineage. The class is intended for anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, mine laying and area surveillance. With INS Vaghsheer commissioned in January 2025, all six Project 75 boats have entered service.
What is the Kalvari-class submarine?
“Kalvari class” is the Indian Navy’s name for the six submarines built under Project 75. They are conventionally propelled boats, not nuclear-powered submarines. The program uses Naval Group’s Scorpène design, but the terms are not interchangeable: Scorpène identifies the underlying submarine design family, while Kalvari identifies India’s Project 75 boats and their Indian construction and service configuration.
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
India selected the Scorpène design in 2005 as part of a broader effort to modernize its conventional-submarine force. The first boat, INS Kalvari, was commissioned in December 2017. The other five followed over the next eight years, with INS Vaghsheer becoming the sixth and final commissioned boat in January 2025.
What’s actually slowing this PC down?
Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.
Is Kalvari a Scorpène submarine?
Yes, in design lineage. The Kalvari-class boats are Indian-built submarines based on Naval Group’s Scorpène design. Calling one a “Scorpène submarine” describes the design basis; calling it a “Kalvari-class submarine” identifies the Indian Navy class created through Project 75.
#1 Best Overall
- [Ultra-Lightweight Ear Buds Designed for Small Ears] Each earbud weighs only 3.7g and features a compact, ergonomic in-ear design made especially for small ears. Secure, low-profile, and comfortable for workouts, all-day wear or overnight sleeping.The ultra-slim profile sits flush in your ear with no hard edges poking or rubbing, so you can even sleep on your side without discomfort.
- [Immersive Stereo Sound with TOZO OrigX Technology] TOZO OrigX tuning delivers clear vocals, balanced mids, and natural stereo sound for music, podcasts, and videos.
- [Long Battery Life for Daily Use] Get up to 7 hours of playtime on a single charge, with up to 32 hours total using the charging case—ideal for workdays, commuting, and extended listening sessions.
- [Bluetooth 5.3 & Stable Connection] Bluetooth 5.3 provides fast pairing, stable wireless performance, and reduced dropouts as you move around home or office.
- [Deep Bass with Clear Vocals] High-performance drivers produce punchy bass while keeping vocals clean and detailed for everyday listening.
This distinction matters when reading specifications. Naval Group’s published figures describe the Scorpène design. They should not automatically be treated as an independently verified specification for every Indian boat, because individual configurations, equipment fits and operational details may not be publicly documented.
What is Project 75?
Project 75 is the Indian submarine-construction program that produced the six Kalvari-class boats. MDL constructed the series at its Mumbai shipyard, while Naval Group supplied the Scorpène design and supported technology transfer.
How the technology transfer worked
Naval Group describes the transfer as more than a design handover. Its support included:
- Training in submarine construction and manufacturing.
- Technical assistance and monitoring during manufacture and trials of the first two Indian submarines.
- Technical documentation for equipment procurement, construction and maintenance.
- Knowledge associated with maintaining and supporting the boats over their service life.
The arrangement made MDL the builder of all six submarines in India while retaining the Scorpène design lineage. It also gave Indian shipyard and supplier personnel experience with the processes, documentation and quality controls required for a complex conventional submarine program.
What missions does the Kalvari class perform?
Indian government material lists five principal mission areas for the Scorpène-based boats:
Anti-surface warfare
The submarines can be used against surface ships. Government descriptions refer to precision-guided weapons and torpedoes, as well as tube-launched anti-ship missiles. The description allows launches underwater or from the surface, but it does not establish the current weapon load on each commissioned boat.
Rank #2
- 【IP68 Waterproof Multifunctinal Smart Watch】Torjalph fitness activity tracker smart watch is IP68 waterproof technology ,you can wear it when swimming,handwashing,it's rain-proof which means that you perform multiple exercise modes outside without worrying about sweat or rain corroding your fitness smart watch,and this watch equipped with a 230 mAh large capacity battery magnetic charging ,and this sports activity tracker watch can be used 5-7 days If fully charged.
- 【Larger 1.83'' Full Screen Watch & Multi-dial Selection】1.83 inch full HD color touch screen smart watch for men / women provides excellent 240*284 resolution image quality ,This Bluetooth smart watch offers a better touch experience and remarkable immersion and ,more than 200 watch faces for you to choose from App"Da Fit ", you can change the dial style according to your mood to wear keeping the world on your wrist
- 【Accurate Activity Tracker Smart Watch 】sports watch activity tracker uses sweat and dust resistant breathable silicone strap, our Fitness Tracker Smart Watch for Android iOS Phones supports 12 sports modes,walking,running,bicycle,swimming,badminton,basketball,football,rope skipping. This bluetooth calls smart watch for men women is lightweight and stylish, bringing more convenient and relaxing sports experience while also providing more protection.
- 【Your 24 Hour Personal Daily Health Monitor】Fitness watch for women men full touch screen IP67 waterproof bluetooth smartwatch for Android iOS Phones with heart rate blood pressure monitor multifunction Andriod smart watch with steps counter sleep monitor sports fitness watch, monitoring blood oxygen saturation allows you to understand your physical condition in real time to track fitness progress ,to know your health status in time.
- 【More Functions Bluetooth Call Smart Watch】This fitness activity smart watch full screen for iPhone and Android phones includes a bunch of new features including:The bluetooth smart watch can hang up the phone, receive and display WhatsAPP /Text /Facebook /Twitter /Messenger reminder.Support sedentary reminder, alarm clock, stopwatch, timer,weather information,music control, remote camera control compatible with Android 5.0 and above or iOS 9.0 and above smartphones.
Anti-submarine warfare
The class is also intended to detect and engage other submarines. That role depends on the boat’s sensors, combat-management system, weapons and crew procedures. Public sources do not provide a complete, current account of the Indian Navy’s sensor performance or tactical employment.
The Tool Desk
Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Intelligence gathering
A submarine can collect information while remaining difficult to detect, making intelligence gathering one of the government-listed roles. Public material identifies the mission category but does not disclose classified collection methods or performance.
Mine laying
The class is designed to support mine-laying missions. The government’s account lists this as a role without publishing operational plans, mine types or deployment quantities.
Area surveillance
Kalvari-class boats can contribute to surveillance of maritime areas and approaches. The exact patrol patterns, sectors and readiness levels of individual submarines are not publicly established.
Naval Group’s own description of the Scorpène design uses a closely related mission set: surface-vessel warfare, anti-submarine warfare, long-range strikes, special operations and intelligence gathering. Those are manufacturer descriptions of the design’s intended capabilities, not an independent audit of the Indian fleet’s current loadout or operational performance.
Quick wins for a faster PC:
Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Weapons, tubes and combat systems
The Indian government describes weapons-launching tubes and a combat-management system that integrates sensors and weapons. That system is intended to help the crew combine information from the boat’s sensors with the weapons available for a mission.
Rank #3
- [Low Noise High Fidelity] New bee guitar cord with 22AWG oxygen-free-copper center conductors provides enhanced signal transfer, the PVC insulation material and the high-density stranded copper double shield provide noise rejection for quiet operation
- [Ideal for Choice] New bee 1/4 straight and right angle metal connectors, ensures a secure connection in any instrument, pedal, or amp jack. L shape great fro on stage guitar stands
- [Wide Compatible] Suitable for mixer, power amplifier, microphone, effector, decoder, equalizer, electoronic organ, electric guitar, electric bass and other electronic equipments. Widely used in the installation of smart home, karaoke speaker, professional stage audio, etc
- [Easy Disassemble] Making incidental repairs quick and easy! Very nice, flexible cable
- [Dont Hesite to Order] 24 hours customer services and professional technology team are standing by
For the Scorpène design, Naval Group states that the submarine has six weapon-launching tubes and can carry 18 weapons, including torpedoes and missiles. This is a manufacturer-reported design figure. It should not be read as a boat-by-boat confirmation of the load carried by every Kalvari-class submarine at a particular time.
The government account also says weapons can be reloaded at sea using special handling and loading equipment. Reloading arrangements are a logistical capability; they do not indicate how many weapons a boat carries on a specific patrol.
Publicly documented design features
Conventional propulsion
Naval Group describes Scorpène as a 2,000-tonne conventional-propulsion submarine. The boats therefore belong to the diesel-electric category rather than the nuclear-submarine category. Public sources in this set do not establish a Kalvari-specific maximum speed, range, submerged endurance or diving depth.
Construction for demanding underwater loads
The Indian government’s 2016 program account describes the use of special steel intended to withstand high hydrostatic forces. That statement concerns structural design and material selection; it is not a published maximum-depth figure.
Modular construction
The same government account describes modular construction. Building major sections as modules can allow work on systems and hull sections to proceed in parallel before final assembly, but the public source does not provide a detailed production schedule or quantify any time savings.
Cabling and piping
The 2016 Press Information Bureau account reports approximately 60 kilometres of cabling and 11 kilometres of piping in the submarine program. These figures illustrate the complexity of construction. They are construction quantities, not measures of combat capability, range or endurance.
Rank #4
- Digital Family Calendar: BSIMB digital calendar wall touch screen puts an end to your chaotic life. Designed for busy families, the digital calendar keeps you organised and in step with your family. Assign different colours and tasks to each family member to make family scheduling easier and more intuitive.
- Easy Setup and Auto-Sync: Plug in, connect to WLAN and auto-syn your electric calendar in minutes. Digital wall calendar compatible with Google calendar, iCloud calendar, Outlook calendar, Cozi calendar and Yahoo calendar. Add events directly on the device or through the ecalendar app. Electronic calendar stays current whether you're at work or traveling—no manual updates needed.
- All-In-One Home Assistant: Smart calendar builds habits and encourage independence with personalised chores. Display daily meal plan to reduce the daily ‘What's for dinner?’ stress. To-do lists keep track of everything you want. Turning chores into valuable achievements with stars and rewards, making life easier and more enjoyable.
- Manage Anytime Anywhere: BSIMB electronic calendar for family stay connected with the powerful ecalendar app. Access and manage your digital wall calendar anytime, anywhere with free features like stars & rewards, photo screensaver, chore charts, meals plans, to-do lists etc. Electronic planner paid features like Magic Import tailor advanced tools for users with special needs.
- Stay in Touch with Loved Ones: Share photos or videos from your phone to electronic wall calendar with app, instantly update your life moment, and keep in touch with your family, especially those who are far away; you can also surprise your smart calendar digital wall by sending him a wish card; it's also great for keeping tech-illiterate elders in touch with the youngsters.
How the six boats entered service
| Submarine | Commissioning date |
|---|---|
| INS Kalvari | December 2017 |
| INS Khanderi | September 2019 |
| INS Karanj | March 2021 |
| INS Vela | November 2021 |
| INS Vagir | January 2023 |
| INS Vaghsheer | January 2025 |
The Government of India’s 2025 program note lists the sixth boat as INS Vagsheer, while Naval Group’s 15 January 2025 commissioning release spells it INS Vaghsheer. Both spellings refer to the final Project 75 submarine. This article uses “Vaghsheer,” the spelling in the Naval Group commissioning release, while retaining “Vagsheer” when describing the government listing.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteNaval Group said INS Vaghsheer was commissioned on 15 January 2025 and called it the sixth P75 Kalvari-class submarine entirely made in India based on the Scorpène design. That commissioning completed the six-boat series. Commissioning confirms entry into naval service; it does not, by itself, establish a particular operational-readiness level, deployment schedule or upgrade status.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What does the Kalvari class mean for Indian naval construction?
The program combines a foreign-origin design with domestic construction. MDL built the boats in Mumbai, while Naval Group’s assistance covered training, technical support, documentation and maintenance-related knowledge. This model allowed India to acquire a modern conventional-submarine design while building industrial capability inside the country.
Naval Group’s chairman and chief executive, Pierre Éric Pommellet, described the P75 program in a 15 January 2025 company release as a cornerstone of the Indo-French strategic partnership and an achievement in India’s “Atmanirbhar Bharat” policy. That is a company executive’s characterization of the partnership, not an independent assessment of program performance.
Does the Kalvari class have air-independent propulsion?
The Government of India identifies a DRDO-NMRL indigenous air-independent propulsion (AIP) system for integration on Project 75 submarines. The wording establishes an intended integration path, not that the system is installed and operational aboard all six commissioned boats.
Accordingly, it is inaccurate to describe the commissioned Kalvari fleet as uniformly AIP-equipped on the basis of that statement alone. Public information supplied for this article does not establish which individual boats, if any, have received an operational AIP installation, nor does it provide a verified AIP-related endurance figure.
What is publicly known—and what is not?
The official material gives a clear picture of the class’s identity, construction, intended missions and commissioning sequence. It is much less complete on performance and current configuration.
- Established: six conventionally propelled Project 75 submarines; Scorpène design basis; construction by MDL in Mumbai; Naval Group technology transfer; the listed mission categories; and commissioning of all six by January 2025.
- Manufacturer-reported design data: approximately 2,000 tonnes, six weapon-launching tubes and capacity for 18 weapons for the Scorpène design.
- Not established by the cited public material: Kalvari-specific maximum speed, range, submerged endurance, maximum diving depth, detailed sensor performance, current weapons loadout, or the operational status of indigenous AIP on each boat.
Keeping those categories separate prevents a common error: presenting a design brochure figure as though it were an independently measured specification for every Indian submarine.
Why the class matters
Kalvari gives the Indian Navy a six-boat conventional-submarine class with a common design lineage, common program history and an Indian construction base. The boats are intended to perform several missions rather than a single specialized task, including warfare against surface ships and submarines, intelligence gathering, mine laying and surveillance.
Free tools Windows power users keep installed
One-click scans. No signup required.
The class also represents a step in India’s ability to build and support complex submarines domestically. That industrial result is distinct from the boats’ tactical performance: the public record supports the construction and technology-transfer achievement, while many operational details remain undisclosed.
Common misconceptions about Kalvari
“Kalvari” and “Scorpène” are the same name
They are related but not identical. Kalvari is India’s Project 75 class; Scorpène is the Naval Group design on which the class is based.
The class is nuclear-powered
It is not. The sources describe conventional propulsion.
All six boats are confirmed to have operational indigenous AIP
That has not been established. The government describes a DRDO-NMRL AIP system for integration, which is different from confirming installation and operation across the commissioned fleet.
Recommended Free Tools
Scorpène’s published figures prove every Indian boat has that exact configuration
They do not. The 2,000-tonne figure, six tubes and 18-weapon capacity are Naval Group’s design descriptions and should be attributed accordingly.
Commissioning means every boat is at the same readiness level
Commissioning marks entry into service. It does not disclose the individual boat’s training cycle, maintenance state, deployment status or operational readiness.
Quick Recap
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
