GIFT IFSC is the International Financial Services Centre in GIFT City, Gandhinagar, India. It is a regulated financial jurisdiction overseen by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA), not a single aircraft-loan product. Under IFSCA’s aircraft-leasing framework, authorised Finance Companies and Finance Units can structure operating leases, financial leases and hybrids for aircraft and specified aviation-related assets. A typical transaction places an aircraft or eligible asset with a regulated lessor or financing vehicle, which leases it to an airline or another permitted lessee. The exact legal, tax, customs and funding results depend on the parties, asset route, approvals and the law in force when the deal closes.
What GIFT IFSC means for aircraft finance
GIFT IFSC is the International Financial Services Centre located in GIFT City, Gandhinagar. IFSCA regulates financial products and entities operating in the centre. Aircraft leasing became a recognised financial product under an October 16, 2020 government notification, covering operating and financial leases and hybrids for aircraft, helicopters, engines and parts, as later reflected in the aircraft-lease framework. The current framework and its resource list are maintained by IFSCA at its aircraft-leasing page.
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For a business reader, the important distinction is that GIFT IFSC is a jurisdiction and regulatory route. It does not automatically approve a deal, supply money, remove all taxes or turn an aircraft purchase into a consumer loan. A transaction must fit the permitted activity of the chosen entity, satisfy IFSCA and other applicable requirements, and allocate ownership, maintenance, insurance, credit and residual-value risks in enforceable contracts.
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What the aircraft-leasing framework permits
IFSCA’s revised Framework for Aircraft Lease, listed as updated on February 26, 2025, provides the regulatory basis for eligible lessors registered as a Finance Company or Finance Unit. It recognises three broad forms of activity:
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- Operating leases, in which the lessor generally expects to retain residual-value exposure and receive the asset back at the end of the agreed term.
- Financial leases, which are structured more like long-term asset financing, with economics and contractual obligations that can place more of the asset’s risks and rewards with the lessee.
- Hybrid leases, combining features of operating and financial structures.
The permitted asset universe is wider than an airliner alone. The framework covers aircraft and specified related assets, including aircraft ground-support equipment and aviation-training simulation devices. Whether a particular asset and transaction are allowed depends on the applicable framework and the authorisation held by the entity undertaking the activity.
How an aircraft-financing transaction through GIFT IFSC works
The following is an illustrative commercial model, not a mandatory chain used by every transaction. Deals can differ in funding source, ownership, purchase-and-leaseback mechanics, lessee type and the use of a special purpose vehicle (SPV).
- Select the regulated vehicle. The parties choose an IFSCA-authorised Finance Company or Finance Unit, or another route permitted for the proposed activity. The vehicle’s registration, permissions and capital position must match the transaction.
- Define the asset and acquisition route. The lessor or financing vehicle may buy a new or used aircraft, acquire an aircraft already owned by an airline in a sale-and-leaseback, or lease in an asset before placing it with the ultimate lessee. Title, registration, export and import steps must be documented for the specific aircraft.
- Arrange funding. The vehicle may use equity, debt, bank finance, bond-like funding or other permitted sources. Currency, interest-rate exposure, lender security and the airline’s credit quality become part of the economic analysis.
- Sign the lease and related contracts. Documents normally address rent, term, delivery condition, maintenance, insurance, records, technical inspections, events of default, repossession, return conditions and any purchase or extension option. A sale-and-leaseback adds the sale agreement and transfer mechanics.
- Deliver, register and operate the aircraft. The aircraft is delivered to the airline or other permitted lessee under the agreed registration and operational arrangements. The contracts must identify which party carries regulatory, maintenance and operational responsibilities.
- Manage the asset through the term. The lessor monitors rent, covenants, maintenance reserves, insurance, airworthiness records, sanctions and changes in ownership or control. Financing parties also monitor collateral and the lessee’s financial condition.
- Return, refinance, sell or otherwise exit. At expiry or an earlier termination, the aircraft may be returned, sold, refinanced, extended or transferred under the contract. Residual value, remarketing costs and the condition of the asset determine the outcome.
IFSCA’s framework also requires the relevant structure to conform to the Cape Town Convention and Protocol. That requirement matters because those instruments support internationally recognised interests in aircraft equipment and affect registration, creditor remedies and default planning.
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Operating lease, financial lease or hybrid?
The labels describe contractual and economic forms; they do not by themselves decide accounting, tax or risk allocation. Compare a proposed structure across the following dimensions.
| Decision area | Operating-lease emphasis | Financial-lease emphasis | Hybrid considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residual-value risk | Often remains substantially with the lessor. | May be transferred substantially, directly or indirectly, to the lessee. | Allocated through negotiated rent, options and return terms. |
| Maintenance and condition | Lessor commonly relies on return-condition protections and maintenance monitoring. | Lessee commonly bears more of the economic burden over a long term. | Reserves, inspections and end-of-term obligations can be split. |
| Term and termination | Can provide more flexibility to return or replace the aircraft, subject to the contract. | Usually supports a longer, financing-like commitment. | Extension, purchase or early-termination options shape the economics. |
| Ownership and registration | Lessor ownership and registration arrangements are central to repossession and remarketing. | Security, title and registration are analysed as financing protections. | Multiple parties may share title, security or option rights. |
| Funding and currency | Funding cost and residual-value assumptions drive the rent. | Debt service, interest-rate exposure and currency matching are central. | Different tranches or currencies can be combined. |
| Tax and customs | Depends on the asset route, parties and applicable conditions. | Depends on the financing and lease characterisation as well as the same transaction facts. | Must be tested against current law rather than inferred from the label. |
Which entities can undertake the activity?
Finance Companies and Finance Units
The aircraft framework uses registration as a Finance Company or Finance Unit for lessors undertaking permitted aircraft-leasing activities. The entity must satisfy IFSCA’s eligibility, governance, capital, compliance and reporting requirements, and it must stay within the scope of its permission. Registration is not a blanket licence for every aviation-finance product.
IFSC Banking Units
The GIFT IFSC aircraft-leasing FAQ asks, “Can an IFSC Banking Unit (IBU) undertake finance leasing operations?” It answers that an IBU has been permitted to undertake equipment leasing, including aircraft leasing, under the IFSCA Banking Regulations. This is a Banking Unit route and should not be confused with the Finance Company or Finance Unit lessor route described in the aircraft framework. Read the current banking and aircraft regulations together before relying on the answer for a live structure. The FAQ is available in GIFT IFSC’s aircraft-leasing document.
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How a business sets up an aircraft-leasing operation
IFSCA’s FAQ describes a practical sequence, while warning in effect that applicants must verify the live requirements. A business considering a platform or a single transaction should plan for:
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- Entity formation. Incorporate the proposed company or establish the structure required for the chosen regulatory route.
- Applications. Apply to the SEZ authority and IFSCA using the current forms and supporting documents.
- Regulatory readiness. Prepare ownership and control information, business plans, governance arrangements, capital evidence, risk controls, compliance policies and aviation-asset procedures requested by the authorities.
- Convention and operational capability. Build processes for Cape Town Convention and Protocol compliance, aircraft records, maintenance oversight, insurance, sanctions screening, leasing documentation and default or repossession scenarios.
Forms, promoter eligibility, capital requirements and documentary expectations can change. Use the current materials on IFSCA’s aircraft-leasing resource page and obtain professional advice before treating an FAQ sequence as a definitive approval checklist.
What changed in 2025 and 2026?
February 26, 2025 aircraft-framework update
IFSCA lists a revised aircraft-lease framework dated February 26, 2025, together with an amendment concerning transactions with persons resident in India. That update belongs to the aircraft-specific rule set. A transaction involving an Indian resident, Indian airline or India-based asset route therefore needs a current review of the relevant permission and restrictions.
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May 2026 Finance Company amendment
In May 2026, IFSCA notified the IFSCA (Finance Company) (Amendment) Regulations, 2026. It defines an SPV by reference to a Finance Company incorporated or administered, or both, by a Trust and Company Service Provider (TCSP), for permitted activities. The amendment adds leasing or financing activity undertaken by an SPV as a permitted activity, subject to IFSCA permission and the applicable capital provision.
The amendment does not automatically approve an SPV, replace the aircraft-lease framework or guarantee a tax result. The regulation defines a TCSP as follows: “‘Trust and Company Service Provider (TCSP)’ means an entity authorised under the International Financial Services Centres Authority (TechFin and Ancillary Services) Regulations, 2025, to provide TCSP services.” Anyone using an SPV should confirm the TCSP’s authorisation, the SPV’s own permissions and all capital and governance conditions.
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Tax, GST and customs: why the result is conditional
GIFT IFSC materials describe potential income-tax exemptions or tax-holiday treatment and customs or GST provisions for particular aircraft-leasing cases. Those descriptions identify possible benefits, not an automatic tax holiday for every aircraft or lessor.
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The GIFT IFSC FAQ explains import and leasing scenarios and states that leasing an aircraft or engine to an Indian airline can attract IGST under forward charge at the rate stated in that FAQ. It also describes customs treatment conditioned on the aircraft being imported by or for the operator for scheduled air operations. The applicable result depends on the transaction parties, the asset’s movement, the operator’s status, the lease terms and the law effective on the relevant date.
An IFSCA-hosted EY presentation, Aircraft Leasing from GIFT IFSC: Tax Benefits, summarises aircraft-related income-tax, customs and GST provisions. It should be used to identify questions for advisers, not to promise a rate or exemption. Before signing, verify current legislation, effective dates, eligibility tests, place-of-supply rules, import documentation, withholding obligations and any conditions attached to an exemption with Indian tax and customs specialists.
Risks and questions to resolve before signing
- Regulatory scope: Does the entity’s Finance Company, Finance Unit, Banking Unit or SPV permission cover the exact aircraft, equipment and transaction?
- Counterparty credit: Can the airline or other lessee meet rent, maintenance and return obligations through the entire term?
- Residual value: What happens if aircraft values, lease rates or demand fall before remarketing?
- Technical condition: Who controls maintenance reserves, inspections, records, life-limited parts and return standards?
- Default remedies: Are Cape Town registrations, security interests, repossession rights and local enforcement steps aligned?
- Currency and rates: Do the aircraft’s revenues, lease currency and funding currency match, and who bears interest-rate movements?
- Tax and customs: Have the exact parties, import route, Indian-resident connections and filing responsibilities been tested under current law?
- Political and operational exposure: Could sanctions, airspace restrictions, export controls or a change in the operator’s approvals affect use or recovery of the aircraft?
What is known about the market size?
IFSCA’s aircraft-leasing page lists an activity-statistics snapshot described as “as on May 31, 2023” and dated March 31, 2024. That dated entry should not be presented as a current market total. No newer aggregate aircraft-leasing figure is established here, so a current deal should be assessed from its own approvals, counterparties and financial model rather than from an unverified market-size claim.
Bottom line for a prospective participant
Aircraft financing through GIFT IFSC is a regulated leasing and financing structure: an authorised vehicle acquires, holds or finances an eligible aircraft or related asset and leases it to a permitted lessee, with contracts governing funding, maintenance, insurance, registration, tax, customs and return. Operating, financial and hybrid leases offer different allocations of residual value and operational risk. The February 2025 aircraft framework and the May 2026 SPV amendment expand and clarify the available routes, but neither creates automatic approval or guaranteed tax savings. A live transaction requires current IFSCA permissions, SEZ and aviation documentation, Cape Town compliance and transaction-specific Indian tax and customs advice.
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