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Freedom251 › Blog › e-waste

What Can Be Recycled—and Why Batteries Cause Fires at Recycling Centers

By Freedom251 Team · · 5 min read

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Paper and cardboard, selected plastic containers, glass food and beverage containers, and some metals are commonly recyclable in the U.S.; the exact curbside list depends on your local program. Batteries, electronics, and household hazardous waste need separate collection. In particular, keep lithium-ion batteries and devices that contain them out of both curbside recycling and household trash: if damaged in collection or processing, they can ignite.

Start with your local recycling rules

There is no single curbside list for every U.S. community. Check your city, waste hauler, or recycling program’s current instructions before placing an unfamiliar item in the cart. The EPA’s general guide to common recyclables is a useful starting point, not a substitute for local rules.

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A plastic resin-identification triangle tells you what kind of plastic an item is made from; it does not mean your local program collects it. Also check whether an item has food residue, hazardous contents, or a battery. Those details can change where it belongs.

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What commonly goes in the recycling bin?

Item General guidance Check before you recycle
Paper, mail, newspapers, magazines, and cardboard Commonly accepted. Flatten cardboard boxes. Remove food scraps. Food-contaminated paper cannot be recycled; shredded paper acceptance varies by program.
Plastic bottles Typically accepted. EPA says caps and labels can generally remain on. Confirm which resin types your local program collects. The resin number alone is not a guarantee.
Plastic bags, wraps, and film Often collected through a separate retail or drop-off program. Do not put them in the household recycling bin under EPA’s general guidance.
Glass food and beverage containers Recyclable; many curbside programs accept mixed colors. Keep broken glass out of the bin and separate metal caps from glass bottles.
Aluminum cans and foil Recyclable. Remove food residue from foil. In single-stream programs, leave cans uncrushed so sorting equipment can detect them more easily.
Batteries Use a suitable battery collection point or household hazardous waste program. Most battery types, including lithium-ion, lithium metal, lead-acid, and rechargeable batteries, should not go in household trash or curbside recycling.
Electronics Use a collection site, manufacturer or retailer take-back, or electronics recycler. EPA says electronics cannot be recycled curbside. Delete personal information before handing over a device.
Household hazardous waste Use a community collection event or permanent collection center. Examples include paints, solvents, pesticides, unemptied aerosol cans, and some light bulbs. Local rules apply.
Food waste and yard trimmings Food waste is not recyclable as packaging; composting may be available. Yard trimmings may be composted or collected locally. These are not ordinary curbside recycling. Check whether your community offers composting or separate collection.

Pizza boxes and other food-soiled paper

Pizza boxes can be recycled after food scraps are removed and the box is flattened, according to the EPA’s general guide. Remove food-soiled sections rather than putting contaminated paper in the recycling stream. For shredded paper, follow local instructions because programs differ.

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Plastic bottles, bags, and compostable plastics

Plastic bottles are commonly accepted, but other plastic packaging may not be. Bags and film often need a separate retail collection point. Compostable plastics are not intended for ordinary plastic recycling and can disrupt that stream; use a separate composting route only where accepted.

Glass, cans, and foil

Keep broken glass out of the bin: it can injure workers and damage equipment. Separate metal caps from glass containers. Aluminum cans and foil can be recycled, but scrape food from foil. If your community uses single-stream collection, do not crush cans because they may be harder for sorting machinery to identify.

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Why lithium-ion batteries can start fires

Recycling sorting facilities, or material recovery facilities (MRFs), are generally designed to handle household paper, plastic, metal, and glass—not loose batteries. A lithium-ion battery or a device containing one can be crushed or damaged during collection, transport, or sorting. Damage can trigger a fire, and contact between batteries or with other metals can add to the hazard.

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The EPA’s lithium-ion battery FAQ explains that a battery’s chasing-arrow symbol may indicate that it can be recycled by a specialized battery recycler; it does not mean the battery belongs in a municipal recycling cart.

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The risk extends beyond sorting facilities. In a 2021 report summarized on an EPA page updated July 27, 2026, the agency identified more than 240 lithium-ion battery fires at 64 waste-management facilities between 2013 and 2020. The count came from analysis of publicly available news reports, so it is not a comprehensive current annual rate. The facilities included MRFs, waste vehicles, landfills, scrap yards, and electronics recyclers. Small consumer devices such as phones, tablets, laptops, hoverboards, and e-cigarettes were among the most common identified sources.

How to dispose of batteries and devices safely

Intact, removable lithium-ion batteries

  1. Keep the battery out of household trash and curbside recycling.
  2. Before taking it to an accepted collection point, isolate its terminals. The EPA recommends covering terminals or connections with non-conductive tape; electrical tape is preferred. Alternatively, put each battery in its own plastic bag.
  3. Confirm the destination accepts that battery. Use a battery recycler, participating retailer or take-back service, electronics recycler, or household hazardous waste program. Check that it accepts the battery’s type and condition.

Devices with embedded batteries

Take the device to an electronics take-back program or recycler that accepts it. Do not try to remove a battery that is not user-serviceable. Delete personal information from phones, computers, and other devices before handing them over.

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Damaged batteries and larger battery systems

Do not treat the terminal-taping directions for intact batteries as sufficient for a swollen or damaged battery. Contact the manufacturer, retailer, state waste agency, or local household hazardous waste program for instructions specific to its condition. If there is an imminent fire risk, call emergency services.

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For medium or large vehicle batteries and energy-storage batteries, contact the manufacturer, dealer, or installer for handling instructions rather than putting them in household collection.

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A quick check before you put something out

  • Identify the material: paper, plastic, glass, metal, electronics, or battery—and, for batteries, the chemistry if known.
  • Check local acceptance: confirm the curbside program takes that item, rather than relying on a recycling symbol alone.
  • Look for contamination or hazards: food residue, hazardous contents, or an attached battery may require a different route.
  • For batteries, assess condition: intact, damaged, or embedded in a device.
  • Verify the destination: ask the retailer, electronics recycler, manufacturer, or household hazardous waste site whether it accepts that specific item.

The EPA’s general recycling guidance is U.S.-focused, and local collection lists and drop-off services vary. Check your local program and the receiving facility’s current rules before you travel or set an item out.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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