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For VAST 4.0, the Mezzanine section describes the element’s contents as a URI to a high-quality source file and does not enumerate required Mezzanine attributes. VAST 4.1 explicitly requires four: delivery, type, width and height. That is a difference in the published specification text—not a claim that a particular tag was tested and passed one validator but failed another.
What changed between VAST 4.0 and VAST 4.1?
| Question | VAST 4.0 | VAST 4.1 |
|---|---|---|
| What is the Mezzanine? | A CDATA-wrapped URI to a raw, high-quality media file used for transcoding. IAB Tech Lab, VAST 4.0. | A high-quality source file for transcoding, not direct ad playback. IAB Tech Lab, VAST 4.1. |
| Required Mezzanine attributes listed in the section | The section does not enumerate required Mezzanine attributes. | delivery, type, width and height are marked required. |
| Is the Mezzanine element always required? | It is optional in the schema, but required in ad-stitched executions and whenever a publisher requires it. | The specification likewise distinguishes an optional XSD element from execution or publisher requirements. |
The key distinction is between what the Mezzanine element contains and what attributes a version specifies for it. A URL inside the element is its content; VAST 4.1 adds explicit metadata requirements around that content.
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What do the four VAST 4.1 attributes mean?
delivery: The delivery method. Useprogressivefor progressive-download protocols such as HTTP, orstreamingfor streaming protocols.type: The MIME type of the file container, such asvideo/mp4.width: The file’s native video width in pixels.height: The file’s native video height in pixels.
VAST 4.1 also names codec and id, but the specification does not make every listed Mezzanine attribute mandatory. It describes fileSize as optional and mediaType as optional, with a default of 2D.
What should a VAST 4.1 Mezzanine look like?
This illustrative example shows the required attributes for a progressive MP4 whose native dimensions are 1920 by 1080 pixels:
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<Mezzanine delivery="progressive" type="video/mp4" width="1920" height="1080"><![CDATA[https://example.invalid/creative.mp4]]></Mezzanine>It is an explanatory shape, not a tested tag. Replace the example URI and metadata with values that accurately describe the actual file and delivery method. For SSAI, the Mezzanine is a source for transcoding into versions suited to the environments where ads will be served; it is not intended for direct ad playback. The 2024 CTV Addendum repeats the four required attributes and illustrates a streaming MP4 with dimensions: IAB Tech Lab, CTV Addendum.
Why can the Mezzanine be optional and still required for SSAI?
Schema optionality and execution requirements answer different questions. An XSD can allow a response to omit the element, while an ad-stitching workflow or publisher policy still requires a Mezzanine. VAST 4.0 makes this distinction explicit: the element is optional in the schema, but required in ad-stitched executions and whenever a publisher requires it. A syntactically optional element is therefore not a guarantee that a particular SSAI workflow will accept its absence.
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Does this prove that a URL-only tag passes VAST 4.0 validation and fails VAST 4.1?
No. The specifications support a narrower conclusion: VAST 4.0’s Mezzanine prose describes URI content without listing the four requirements that VAST 4.1 specifies. A concrete pass or fail depends on the validator, its version and configuration, and the exact XML being checked.
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IAB Tech Lab provides a VAST XML testing tool and lists a VAST 4.1 Mezzanine check: IAB Tech Lab VAST validator. Its existence does not establish a test result for any particular tag. To make a reproducible validator claim, identify the validator version and configuration and record the result for the exact sample.
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Which VAST version should you check?
Use the specification version actually required by the ad-serving or SSAI workflow, rather than assuming VAST 4.1 is the newest VAST version. IAB Tech Lab dates VAST 4.0 to January 2016 and VAST 4.1 to November 2018; its standards page, last updated July 18, 2024, lists later VAST 4.x revisions as well. Check the applicable version and its requirements before treating a tag as compliant: IAB Tech Lab VAST standards.
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- The outside is made with holographic glitter material, which changes color depending on the viewing angle. The clear coating makes it smooth so the color doesn’t rub off. It can be cleaned with a damp cloth.
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