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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchLocalCircles reports that 83% of surveyed businesses accepting UPI would not be willing to absorb a 0.4% merchant discount rate (MDR) on specified UPI payments above ₹2,000. That is a finding about stated willingness—not evidence that those merchants have started charging customers extra, rejecting UPI, or switching payment methods. The government’s explanation says MDR is a merchant-side charge, not a fee payable by customers.
What the 83% figure means
LocalCircles asked businesses that accept UPI: “If you are a business that accepts UPI payments, how much is the maximum MDR that you would be willing to bear on UPI payments above INR 2000?” It says more than 32,000 businesses and merchants across 242 districts responded. In its 2026 survey, 41% said they would bear no MDR, 17% said they would bear 0.4% or more, and 15% said they would bear up to 0.04%. LocalCircles summarizes the responses as 83% unwilling to absorb the notified 0.4% rate. LocalCircles’ survey report
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The result describes answers to a hypothetical willingness question. The sources do not establish that respondents represent every Indian merchant or show what they later did in practice. In particular, 83% unwilling to absorb the fee does not mean 83% will add a surcharge, refuse UPI, or move customers to another payment method.
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Which UPI payments the 0.4% MDR applies to
The Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 explainer distinguishes payment type, amount, and merchant or sector category. The general 0.4% figure is not a charge on every UPI payment above ₹2,000. Ministry of Finance UPI MDR explainer
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| Payment or merchant category | Government-stated treatment |
|---|---|
| Person-to-person (P2P) UPI transfers | Free regardless of amount. |
| Person-to-merchant (P2M) payments up to ₹2,000 | Free. |
| Qualifying small merchants in the P2PM category, receiving up to ₹1 lakh per month through UPI QR codes | Zero MDR on all transactions. |
| Specified P2M transactions above ₹2,000 | General MDR of 0.4%, capped at ₹300 for transactions of ₹75,000 and above. |
| Transactions above ₹2,000 in specified essential and thin-margin sectors, including railways, telecommunications, insurance, fuel, and agricultural inputs | Flat ₹5 MDR. |
| Specified capital-market payments, including mutual funds, securities, stockbrokers, and dealers | 0.02% MDR, capped at ₹300. |
The government says approximately 96% of P2M transactions remain unaffected. That figure refers to the government’s description of the framework; it does not change the category-specific conditions listed above.
Who pays MDR—and who does not
MDR is charged on the merchant side and distributed among payment ecosystem participants, including banks and payment application providers. The Ministry of Finance states: “It is clarified that MDR is neither a tax nor a charge collected by the Government or NPCI.” Ministry of Finance UPI MDR explainer
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The official explanation says customers will not pay MDR. The survey’s finding that many merchants say they would not absorb a charge should therefore not be read as proof that customers are being charged it. The survey measures stated preference; it does not report observed customer surcharges.
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No observed post-implementation decline is established by the figures cited in this coverage. India Today reported that LocalCircles estimated a 10% fall in UPI transaction value and a 4% fall in transaction volume after implementation. These are projections, not measured outcomes. India Today’s 5 October 2026 report
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