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Beautiful Demoiselle and Willow Emerald damselflies have been recorded for the first time at Astonbury Wood near Stevenage after a three-year woodland restoration project. The Ancient Astonbury and Wilder Woodlands programme worked across seven Hertfordshire nature reserves, using coppicing and glade management to increase light, flowering plants and habitat variety. The records show wildlife using the restored areas, although they are observations after management rather than proof that the project alone caused a population recovery.
Which damselflies were found?
The newly recorded species are the Beautiful Demoiselle and the Willow Emerald. Both were detected at Astonbury Wood, a reserve near Stevenage, following habitat work carried out through the Ancient Astonbury and Wilder Woodlands project.
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Iain Ward, wilder woodlands officer at Herts & Middlesex Wildlife Trust, said: “It has been fantastic to see these habitats responding so positively to careful management, and to see more wildlife making use of the restored glades and coppice areas.”
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The three-year project was supported by a £162,698 grant from the National Lottery Heritage Fund in 2026. It covered seven sites:
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| Nature reserve | Location |
|---|---|
| Astonbury Wood | Near Stevenage |
| Balls Wood | Near Hertford |
| Fir & Pond Woods | Near Potters Bar |
| Gobions Wood | Near Brookmans Park |
| Old Park Wood | Harefield |
| Long Deans | Hemel Hempstead |
| Hawkins Wood | Between Buntingford and Royston |
Returning an overgrown area to coppice
At Astonbury Wood, managers brought an area of ancient woodland roughly the size of a football pitch back into coppice management. Hornbeam was coppiced in December 2025. Coppicing cuts selected trees close to the ground so that multiple stems can regrow, creating a changing pattern of open and shaded conditions rather than leaving the woodland permanently dense.
Reopening and maintaining glades
Teams cleared trees and dense bramble from glades, then cut and raked them every year. The work increases sunlight at ground level and gives flowering plants room to grow. Those flowers provide nectar and other resources for insects, while the more open structure can benefit birds and other woodland wildlife.
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What changed after the work?
More flowers appeared in the reopened glades, attracting butterflies. Silver-washed Fritillaries were recorded in much higher numbers in summer 2026 than in previous years. Hornbeam also showed strong regrowth after its first growing season despite the dry summer.
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The damselfly sightings are an encouraging local biodiversity signal. They should be interpreted alongside longer-term monitoring, because a first record after restoration does not establish how many individuals were present before the work, whether they bred successfully, or how much of the change came from the project rather than wider weather and habitat conditions.
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Why water management still matters
Woodland structure is only part of the explanation for damselfly presence. Ward said he hoped the next work would restore Astonbury Wood’s ponds and stop them drying out completely as summers become hotter and drier. Damselfly larvae develop in water, so the timing, depth and permanence of ponds can determine whether adults can colonise and persist.
A 2021 peer-reviewed study at France’s Pinail National Nature Reserve illustrates the potential effect of aquatic restoration. Researchers restored stream meanders and reconnected standing water. At the Rivau site, the average number of observed dragonfly and damselfly species rose from 5.4 to 9.9, while abundance increased by 770 percent. At Hutte, abundance increased by 475 percent. The endangered Southern Damselfly colonised both restored streams. These results come from a different reserve and restoration design, so they provide broader context rather than a direct measurement of Astonbury Wood’s outcome.
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Water permanence is also central to a 2026 British Dragonfly Society project at Castle Fraser, where pond creation and habitat protection are intended to safeguard the endangered Northern Damselfly. Together, the projects show why pond hydrology needs to be planned alongside terrestrial management.
How this project can be evaluated over time
Future comparisons with other restoration schemes should track the same six factors:
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- Habitat type: whether the work targets coppice, woodland glades, streams, ponds or a combination.
- Hydrology: pond depth, seasonal water permanence and whether streams or standing water are reconnected.
- Maintenance: cutting, raking and coppice cycles, including how often each treatment is repeated.
- Monitoring design: pre-work baselines, post-work surveys, control areas and the length of follow-up.
- Species response: first records, abundance, breeding evidence and changes in the wider insect and bird community.
- Delivery: funding, partner organisations, project duration and the area treated.
What the new records mean
The Beautiful Demoiselle and Willow Emerald records indicate that restored habitat at Astonbury Wood is being used by species not previously recorded there. Coppice regrowth, open glades and increased flowering appear to have improved the woodland’s range of conditions, while planned pond restoration could address the water shortage that threatens damselfly life cycles. Establishing whether those species become regular breeders will require repeated surveys through wetter and drier seasons.
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