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Outbyte Driver Updater FREEScan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Tera is the next SI prefix after giga: tera means 1012, while giga means 109. The sequence continues through peta, exa, zetta, yotta and ronna to quetta (Q), the largest prefix currently adopted in the International System of Units (SI), at 1030. These names scale units; they are not units on their own.
The prefixes larger than giga
Each step in the SI sequence is 1,000 times the prefix before it—three powers of ten. The factors and symbols below are official SI definitions, not measured quantities. See the BIPM’s SI prefix table.
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| Prefix | Symbol | Factor | Compared with the previous prefix |
|---|---|---|---|
| giga | G | 109 | — |
| tera | T | 1012 | 1,000 times giga |
| peta | P | 1015 | 1,000 times tera |
| exa | E | 1018 | 1,000 times peta |
| zetta | Z | 1021 | 1,000 times exa |
| yotta | Y | 1024 | 1,000 times zetta |
| ronna | R | 1027 | 1,000 times yotta |
| quetta | Q | 1030 | 1,000 times ronna |
For example, a terahertz is a frequency scaled by tera; a terabyte is a quantity of digital information scaled by tera under the convention being used. The prefix tells you the scale, while the unit—such as hertz or byte—tells you what is being measured.
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On 18 November 2022, the 27th General Conference on Weights and Measures extended the SI prefix range. It adopted ronna (R) for 1027 and quetta (Q) for 1030, as well as the small prefixes ronto (r) for 10−27 and quecto (q) for 10−30. The official Resolution 3 of the 27th CGPM cites anticipated data-science needs for expressing digital-information quantities beyond 1024 and the aim of preventing unofficial names from becoming established.
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SI prefixes and binary data prefixes are different
SI prefixes are decimal: kilo means 1,000, mega means 1,000,000 and giga means 1,000,000,000. In computing, powers of two have separate names. For example, one kilobit is 1,000 bits; the binary prefix kibi (Ki) denotes 210, or 1,024. The same distinction applies at larger scales:
| Decimal SI prefix | Binary prefix | Binary factor |
|---|---|---|
| kilo (k) | kibi (Ki) | 210 |
| mega (M) | mebi (Mi) | 220 |
| giga (G) | gibi (Gi) | 230 |
| tera (T) | tebi (Ti) | 240 |
| peta (P) | pebi (Pi) | 250 |
| exa (E) | exbi (Ei) | 260 |
| zetta (Z) | zebi (Zi) | 270 |
| yotta (Y) | yobi (Yi) | 280 |
| ronna (R) | robi (Ri) | 290 |
| quetta (Q) | quebi (Qi) | 2100 |
The binary-prefix names and factors are set out in the BIPM SI Brochure. When a computing or storage figure matters, check whether the source uses decimal or binary prefixes rather than assuming that “giga” means 230.
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How to write the symbols correctly
- Use the official, case-sensitive symbols: giga is G, tera is T, ronna is R and quetta is Q.
- Join a prefix symbol directly to the unit symbol, without a space: THz means terahertz; GΩ means gigaohm.
- Write prefix names in lowercase except at the beginning of a sentence.
- Do not use a prefix by itself as a unit or combine multiple prefixes. A unit supplies the quantity; the prefix scales it.
Not every prefix is useful or appropriate with every unit. The factor defines the prefix, but the underlying unit and the measurement context still matter.
Is quetta the biggest measurement unit?
Quetta is the largest prefix currently adopted in the SI, not a standalone unit and not necessarily the largest quantity anyone could describe. It scales an underlying unit by 1030. If the question is about official SI prefixes, quetta is the answer; if it is about a particular measurement such as digital storage, specify the unit and whether decimal or binary scaling is intended.
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