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Oxford researchers have demonstrated a two-location quantum network in which strontium ions create an entanglement link and calcium ions store that entanglement. In the reported experiment, transferring the state from strontium to calcium preserved it for more than 10 seconds and produced shared quantum states involving as many as four atoms across the two locations.
The result, published in Physical Review Letters on 13 October 2026 as “Multipartite mixed-species entanglement over a quantum network,” is a laboratory demonstration rather than a commercial quantum computer or a long-distance production network.
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What Oxford built
Two nodes, two ion species
Each network node contained one strontium ion and one calcium ion. The strontium ion was the network-facing qubit. Its emitted photons entered an optical-fiber interference network, allowing the two locations to establish an entangled link. The calcium ion stayed at the node as a memory and processing qubit.
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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesThis arrangement separates two jobs that are difficult to optimize in the same physical state: sending quantum information through light and keeping it protected during local operations.
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Entanglement was transferred locally
After the strontium ions created the inter-node link, Oxford’s team used local ion-control operations to transfer the entanglement from strontium to calcium at each node. The resulting shared state involved different atomic species, including calcium memories separated across the network.
“In this paper, we show for the first time that we can control the entanglement between different types of atoms, even when they are separated across a network,” said lead author Dr Dougal Main.
Why calcium preserves the state longer
The calcium memory states used in the experiment were less sensitive to magnetic-field noise than the strontium states used for generating the optical link. Once the entanglement had been moved into calcium, environmental fluctuations therefore disturbed the stored state more slowly.
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The practical principle is simple: strontium gets the entanglement across; calcium keeps it usable. That does not mean calcium is universally better. Each ion is being used for the task its electronic structure and controllability suit best.
| Function | Strontium ion (88Sr+) | Calcium ion (43Ca+) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary role in Oxford’s network | Interface qubit for creating the optical, inter-node link | Application and memory qubit for storing and processing the state |
| How it connects nodes | Emits photons that are combined in an optical-fiber interference network | Receives the entanglement through local transfer from strontium |
| Noise consideration | Link-generation states are more exposed to magnetic-field sensitivity | Chosen memory states are less sensitive to magnetic-field noise |
| Storage result in this experiment | Used to generate the link before transfer | Preserved transferred entanglement for more than 10 seconds |
| Local use | Networking interface | Memory and processing qubit |
| Precision-metrology relevance | Not the focus of the reported clock result | Related calcium-ion work supports long probe times and magnetic-noise-resistant measurements |
How long did the entanglement last?
Oxford reports that the transferred entanglement survived for more than 10 seconds in the two-node setup. The same experiment created shared states involving up to four atoms across the two locations. The duration is the measured storage interval in that apparatus, not a universal limit for calcium ions or a guarantee for a network operating over arbitrary distances.
The achievement matters because quantum memories normally lose their useful correlations quickly when exposed to noise. A memory lasting seconds gives control systems substantially more time to schedule gates, synchronize remote nodes, or wait for another probabilistic networking attempt than a memory lasting only milliseconds.
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What the division of labor enables
A modular distributed processor
Oxford describes 88Sr+ as an interface qubit and 43Ca+ as an application or memory qubit. In a larger distributed processor, a network-facing ion could be optimized for collecting and interfering photons while a different ion protects the state during computation. The local transfer step becomes the handoff between the communications layer and the computing layer.
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The group identifies distributed quantum computing, remote sensing and comparisons between atomic clocks as possible uses. Those are prospective applications. The experiment does not demonstrate a commercial service, a fault-tolerant computer or communication between distant cities.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.“This could help make future quantum networks useful for tasks that need several distant atoms to share and preserve the same quantum state,” said co-author Dr Gabriel Araneda.
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Related calcium-ion clock results
A separate 2026 experiment studied entangled 40Ca+ ions for optical-clock spectroscopy. The entangled state had vanishing first-order magnetic-field sensitivity, allowing probe times of up to 550 milliseconds in that clock experiment.
The American Physical Society reported a lowest fractional frequency instability of 7×10−16/√(τ/1 s) at a 250-millisecond probe time, where τ is the averaging time. These clock measurements are not the Oxford network demonstration, but they provide independent context for why carefully selected calcium states can be valuable when magnetic noise limits precision.
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How this fits earlier work
Mixed-species calcium/strontium ion research had already shown high-quality local control. A 2020 report from MIT measured 94% entanglement fidelity in earlier Ca+/Sr+ work. Oxford’s 2026 result extends the idea to a networked, multipartite setting and emphasizes preservation after the state is transferred into calcium.
Does this prove long-distance quantum communication?
No. The experiment proves that two trapped-ion locations can establish entanglement through an optical interface, move that state into different local ions and preserve it for more than 10 seconds under the reported laboratory conditions. It does not establish how the lifetime scales with fiber length, photon loss, node count, vibration, magnetic shielding or the engineering demands of a deployed network.
It also does not show that arbitrary quantum data can now be sent instantly or that a general-purpose quantum computer can be linked across the internet. The demonstrated capability is a component-level advance: a network can use one species to make a connection and another to hold the connection while computation or measurement takes place.
What to watch in follow-up systems
- Transfer fidelity: moving entanglement from the optical interface to the memory must add as little error as possible.
- Scaling: future systems will need many ions and nodes, not just two ions per node.
- Photon collection: practical networks must collect enough emitted photons and reject interference errors.
- Memory under operations: the useful lifetime must remain long while gates, measurements and error-correction cycles run.
- Distance and synchronization: the 10-second result should not be extrapolated to longer fibers or different hardware without new measurements.
Oxford’s demonstration therefore answers a specific question: different ions can share one networked quantum state, with strontium handling the optical connection and calcium extending the time available to use it. Turning that laboratory capability into a scalable network remains an engineering challenge.
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